Genetic variants in the HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 genes and their involvement in the predisposition to celiac disease
1 Medicine and Nutrition Faculty Juarez University of Durango State. Durango, Dgo., México, downton area.
2 Department of Genetics, Medicine and Nutrition Faculty, Juarez University of Durango State, Durango, Dgo., México.
Research Article
GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2024, 29(02), 386–391.
Article DOI: 10.30574/gscbps.2024.29.2.0444
Publication history:
Received on 15 October 2024; revised on 25 November 2024; accepted on 27 November 2024
Abstract:
Celiac disease is a multisystem disorder that is triggered by the consumption of gluten in genetically predisposed people, particularly those who carry the HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 alleles. Environmental factors and certain epigenetic mechanisms play a fundamental role in the manifestation of the disease. It has been shown that the gut microbiome can influence disease progression to some extent. Celiac disease presents with gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms that complicate the diagnosis. Classic symptoms include digestive disorders, while non-classic symptoms include anemia, osteoporosis, and unexplained fatigue. Serological antibody tests and duodenal biopsy are key to a diagnosis, especially in atypical cases. At present, the only treatment is a strict gluten-free diet, although this presents certain problems due to the high cost and nutritional deficiencies. New research is looking for alternatives such as gluten-breaking enzymes as well as immunomodulatory treatments in hopes of more comprehensive options in the future.
Keywords:
Celiac disease; Genetic predisposition; Environmental and epigenetic factors; Serological diagnosis and biopsy
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Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0
