Ocular drug delivery systems: A comprehensive review of innovative formulations, challenges and opportunities
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Shri Swami Samarth Institute of Pharmacy, At Parsodi, Dhamangaon Rly, Dist -Amravati (444709) Maharashtra, India.
2 G.H Raisoni Institute of Life Sciences, Shraddha Park, hingna wadi Road Nagpur, India.
Review Article
GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2024, 29(02), 319–330.
Article DOI: 10.30574/gscbps.2024.29.2.0421
Publication history:
Received on 03 October 2024; revised on 23 November 2024; accepted on 26 November 2024
Abstract:
The human eye's complex anatomy and physiology pose significant challenges to effective ocular drug delivery. This comprehensive review explores the eye's structure, ocular disorders such as cataracts, conjunctivitis, glaucoma, and fungal keratitis, and various ocular drug delivery systems. The review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of ocular drug delivery systems, including topical administration, intravitreal injection, subconjunctival routes, and implantable devices. Novel formulations such as nanosuspensions, microemulsions, liposomes, and niosomes are examined for their potential to overcome anatomical limitations and enhance bioavailability. The mechanisms of drug release, including diffusion, osmosis, and bio-erosion, are also discussed. Furthermore, the review highlights the importance of targeting specific ocular tissues and overcoming defensive mechanisms to achieve optimal therapeutic efficacy.
Keywords:
Ocular drug delivery; Ocular disorders; Nanoparticle-based delivery systems; Controlled release formulations; Blood-retinal barrier
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Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0
