Potential health and environmental benefits of the identified phytochemicals screening of (Azadirachta indica) neem leaves in Bauchi Metropolis, Bauchi State, Nigeria
1 Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, USA.
2 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Art and Science, Georgia State University. United State of America USA.
3 University of west Florida, Earth and Environmental Sciences, USA.
4 Department of Microbiology and Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
5 Biosystem Engineering, Department, Faculty of Engineering, Auburn University, Alabama USA.
6 Indiana University Bloomington, O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, USA.
7 International American University, Los Angeles, California, USA.
8 Department of Computer Science University of New Haven, New Haven CT
9 Department of Environmental, Health and Safety, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA.
10 Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Federal University Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria.
11. School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia.
12. Indiana University Bloomington, O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, USA.
Research Article
GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2024, 26(03), 068–083.
Article DOI: 10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.3.0037
Publication history:
Received on 17 January 2024; revised on 28 February 2024; accepted on 01 March 2024
Abstract:
The phytochemical screening of (Azadirachta indica) Neem leaf extract was conducted to identify and quantify the presence of bioactive compounds. The study conducted various tests to assess the phytochemical components. About 1kg of matured fresh leaves of (Azadirachta indica) neem was collected from five (5) different location in Bauchi metropolis, these locations are; Kobi Street, Gida Dubu, Yelwan Tudu, Wuntin dada and Federal Low-cost areas in Bauchi metropolis, Bauchi State, Nigeria. The leaves of the plant, which were ground into a fine powder using a mortar and pestle. An ethylacetate solvent was used to derive the A. indica leaf extract. The results of the research shows that the presence of alkaloids, saponins, phenols, and cardiac glycosides in the neem leaf extract is significant, and flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids were not detected in the neem leaf extract. The presence of alkaloids, saponins, phenols, and cardiac glycosides suggests that neem leaves may hold promise in traditional and contemporary medicinal practices. Alkaloids, known for their pharmacological significance, may contribute to the plant's therapeutic properties. Saponins, with their frothing and foaming characteristics, have been associated with immunomodulatory effects and their potential in agrochemical applications. Phenolic compounds, as evidenced by the positive response to the Ferric chloride test, indicate the antioxidant potential of neem leaves, which can combat oxidative stress. Conversely, the absence of flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids suggests that these specific phytochemical classes may be limited in neem leaves. These findings open avenues for further research and utilization of neem as a valuable natural resource.
Keywords:
Azadirachta indica; Mortar and Pestle; Ethylacetate solvent; Cardiac glycosides
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