Beta-lactam antibiotics and extended spectrum beta-lactamases
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences-Bugando, P. O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Review Article
GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 2021, 09(02), 015–024.
Article DOI: 10.30574/gscarr.2021.9.2.0200
Publication history:
Received on 06 September 2021; revised on 08 October 2021; accepted on 10 October 2021
Abstract:
Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes produced by bacteria, mostly members of the family Enterobacteriaceae commonly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. ESBLs hydrolyze the beta-lactam ring of beta-lactam antibiotics making these antibiotics ineffective therefore rendering the bacteria resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics. The global upsurge of ESBLs producing bacteria causing both hospital and community acquired infections mostly urinary tract infections, pneumonia and bloodstream infections, threatens the effectiveness of infectious diseases treatment. ESBL families; TEM, SHV and CTX-M are globally disseminated and frequently detected in clinical isolates as well as colonization and contamination isolates. Various laboratory detection methods of ESBLs producing Gram negative bacteria are available. These methods; phenotypic methods, automated methods and molecular-based methods are varying in sensitivity and specificity, need of technical expertise, and rapidness. Therefore, they should be clearly understood before being employed for routine or research use for detection of ESBLs production among Enterobacteriaceae. In addition, understanding the mode of action and mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, and the epidemiology of ESBLs producing bacteria is of paramount.
Keywords:
Antimicrobial resistance; Molecular detection of ESBL; Multidrug resistance; Phenotypic detection of ESBLs production
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Copyright © 2021 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0
