Determination of heavy metals pollution in Haffirs Soil at Elgadarif State, Sudan
1 Department of Chemistry, College of Medicine, University of White Nile-Kosti-Sudan.
2 Department of Soil and Water Science, College of Agriculture, University of Bahri, Khartoum, Sudan.
3 Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Elimam Elmahdi University and University of White Nile-Kosti-Sudan.
4 Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Elimam Elmahdi University and University of White Nile-Kosti-Sudan.
Research Article
GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 2024, 20(02), 146–155.
Article DOI: 10.30574/gscarr.2024.20.2.0313
Publication history:
Received on 11 July 2024; revised on 24 August 2024; accepted on 26 August 2024
Abstract:
The study was conducted in 2017 and 2018 at Elgadarif State Sudan in Azaza, Trafa and Elkafey affairs soils.
The main objective of this study was to determine polluted heavy metals in Shaffer's soil compared with the standard scale of WHO. Concentrations of fourteen heavy metals, which include Cu, Fe, Mo, Ni, Cr, Co, V, Sr, Mn, Ti, Cd, Pb, and Zn in soil, were estimated in three different locations in Azaza, Trafa and Elkafey haffairs and three different depths (surface, 30 and 60 cm soil depths) at Elqadarif state, Sudan. Heavy metals were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission (ICP-OE).
The results showed that surface soil pH was (9.1, 9.9 and 9.5); 30 cm soil depth pH was (8.3, 9.8 and 9.7); and 60 cm soil depth pH was (8.5, 9.8 and 9.5); for the Azaza,Trafa and Elkafey hair soils respectively. The concentration of Pb in Azaza haffir was significant (P≤0.05) higher than those of Trafa and Elkafey haffirs at surface soil and 60cm soil depth. Fe concentration was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher than Azaza and Trafa haffirs. The levels of Cu in different depths at Elkafey haffir were (167.7, 169.2 and 165.3 ppm) was significantly (p≤ 0.05) higher than those of Azaza and Trafa haffirs. There were no significant differences in the concentration of Co and Cd ions at the surface of 30 and 60 cm soil depths of each haffier. As for the MO and Ti ions concentrations, depth in Elkafey haffir increased significantly (P≤0.05) than the Trafa and Azaza haffisr at surface soil, 30cm and 60 cm soil. V ion concentration in different soil depths of Elkafey haffir was significantly higher (P≤0.05) than that of Trafa and Azaza haffir. Sr ion concentration in Altarfa and Elkafey haffirs soil was significantly (p≤0.05) higher than the Azaza haffir at surface soil, 30cm and 60 cm soil. The concentration of Cr and Ni ions in Elkafey haffir was significant (P≤0.05) higher than in Azaza and Trafa haffir at surface and, 30 cm. As for Mn ions, the data showed that Trafa and Elkafey haffir was higher (P≤0.05) in M+2, M+5 ions concentration than the Azaza haffir.
The data indicated that all heavy minerals concentrations were higher than their permissible limits (PLs) according to WHO (2014) except for Co, Cd, V, and Mn ions.
Keywords:
Heavy Metals; Haffirs; Soil; Elgadarif State; WHO; Sudan
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