Epidermal mucus as a potential biological and biochemical matrix for fish health analysis
1 School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
2 Department of zoology, University of Sialkot, 51310, Punjab Pakistan.
3 Department of zoology wildlife and Fisheries Agriculture University of Faisalabad,38000 Pakistan.
4 Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100 Punjab Pakistan.
5 Department of zoology, Ripha international University Faisalabad Campus, Pakistan.
6 Department of Ecology, School of life science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China.
Research Article
GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 2024, 19(03), 246–262.
Article DOI: 10.30574/gscarr.2024.19.3.0220
Publication history:
Received on 07 May 2024; revised on 18 June 2024; accepted on 20 June 2024
Abstract:
Fish reside in ecosystems teeming with pathogens, so their mucus has developed antimicrobial properties that help inhibit these pathogens. The fish's epidermal mucus serves as the initial line of defense against pathogens. This study aimed to characterize the antibacterial activity and biochemical makeup of fish skin mucus against various bacterial strains. The analysis was conducted on Labeo rohita, a fish species chosen for its mucus sample. The mucus was tested for its antibacterial activity against multiple Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results showed that the crude mucus extract had higher activity than the saline mucus extract. The fish mucus's antimicrobial potential was assessed using the well diffusion method. The crude mucus extract displayed slightly better antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli and Pasterulla multocida, as well as Gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, compared to the saline mucus extract of Labeo rohita. The samples were also tested for their hemolytic and thrombolytic activities. The activity of antioxidants in fish mucus was evaluated using DPPH, reducing power, TPC, and TFC assays. Additionally, biochemical analysis was performed, including measurements of CAT, POD, SOD, and protein content. Advanced techniques such as Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV spectroscopy were employed for the characterization of fish mucus. FTIR analysis of fish mucus revealed the presence of aliphatic primary amines (N-H) and alkenes as functional groups at various peaks in the spectrum. The results were analyzed using mean and standard deviations.
Keywords:
Fish Mucus; Mucus Molecules; Interspecific Communication; Biological Activity; Biochemical Activity.
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