Breast lumps: Types, biomarkers and prognosis
1 Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
2 FICMS, Family Medicine, Ministry of Health/Al-Kadhimiya Directorate for Primary Health Care, Baghdad, Iraq.
Review Article
GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 2022, 12(01), 126–134.
Article DOI: 10.30574/gscarr.2022.12.1.0199
Publication history:
Received on 22 June 2022; revised on 26 July 2022; accepted on 28 July 2022
Abstract:
Introduction: The breast is a dynamic organ in the female and the symptoms related to it considered a major cause enrolled the women to get medical intension, a complete physical, radiological, and cytological examination should be accomplished until the symptoms resolved or benign\ malignant condition established, there were many types of benign tumor in the breast: solid or cystic, painless or painful with different ways for management either by close surveillance or by surgical removal. But the breast cancer required hard work to establish the histological and pathological grade.
Conclusion: to treat the breast cancer properly the cancer should stratify into molecular entities by using hormonal biomarker (ER, PR) and using of oncoprotein HER2 and proliferating index Ki-67, usage of these markers is satisfying for grouping the breast cancer subtypes into four major entities which are Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2+, and triple negative tumor.
Keywords:
Breast; Cancer; Lipoma; Adenoma; Biomarkers
Full text article in PDF:
Copyright information:
Copyright © 2022 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0
