Anti-inflammatory potential of ethanol leaf extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum in experimental mice

Emmanuel Uka; Efosa Godwin Ewere; Grace Sylvester Effiong

doi:10.30574/gscarr.2021.7.1.0086

Authors

Emmanuel Uka Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
Efosa Godwin Ewere Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
Grace Sylvester Effiong Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.7.1.0086

Keywords:

Anti-inflammatory, Sphenocentrum jollyanum, Carrageenan, Egg albumin, Xylene-induced oedema

Abstract

Anti-inflammatory potential of the ethanol leaf extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum (ELESJ) was assessed in-vivo in mice by using carrageenan-induced paw oedema, egg albumin-induced paw oedema, and xylene-induced ear oedema model at doses of 474.34, 948.68, and 1423.03 mg/kgbw respectively. A total of seventy-five matured mice of both sexes weighing between 20 g and 24 g (divided into three groups of 25 mice each for the 3 different studies) were used for this study. Treatment was done intraperitoneally. Distilled water (10 mL/kgbw), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (100 mg/kgbw) or dexamethasone (4 mg/kgbw) served as the normal and standard drugs respectively. The results showed that ELESJ produced significant (p < 0.05), dose-dependent and time-dependent reductions in mean paw thickness in groups III-V compared with control group. Similarly, the extract caused a dose-dependent increase in percentage inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw oedema and egg-albumin induced paw oedema (34.49%, 36.71%) at the highest dose (1423.03 mg/kg), comparable with the anti-inflammatory effects of the standard drug ASA (34.69%, 31.54%). The ELESJ also caused significant (p < 0.05), dose-dependent decreases in xylene-induced ear oedema weight in all the test groups relative to control group and standard drug group. In addition, ELESJ showed a dose-dependent percentage inhibitory effect (44%) at the highest dose (1423.03 mg/kg) comparable with that of the standard drug, dexamethasone (48%). The results obtained from this study support the use of the leaf in folk medicine as it has significant anti-inflammatory properties and this may be attributed to the phytochemical constituents of the leaf.

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