Biochemical profile of multiple myeloma about 50 cases

ELGHOUAT  Ghita; NAKHLI  Raja; RAISSI  Abderrahim; CHELLAK  Saliha; BOUKHIRA  Abderrahim

doi:10.30574/gscarr.2021.9.3.0302

Authors

ELGHOUAT Ghita Biochemistry and toxicology laboratory, Avicenna Military Hospital Marrakesh.
NAKHLI Raja Biochemistry and toxicology laboratory, Avicenna Military Hospital Marrakesh.
RAISSI Abderrahim Faculty of medicine and pharmacy - Cadi Ayyad University Marrakesh.
CHELLAK Saliha Biochemistry and toxicology laboratory, Avicenna Military Hospital Marrakesh.
BOUKHIRA Abderrahim Faculty of medicine and pharmacy - Cadi Ayyad University Marrakesh.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.9.3.0302

Keywords:

Multiple myeloma, electrophoresis, monoclonal peak, Ig G, light chains, Bence Jones protein

Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal proliferation of plasma cells invading the bone marrow and secreting monoclonal immunoglobulin. In order to study the epidemiological and biological and biochemical characteristics of MM, we carried out a retrospective work on a cohort of 50 cases collected at the Avicenna Military Hospital in Marrakesh, during a period of 5 years (from January 2013 to December 2017). Our study included 32 men (64%) and 18 women (36%), with an average age of 60.6 years, with extremes at 44 and 87 years. The circumstances of discovery were dominated by bone pain and alteration in general condition, which are revealing in more than 65% of cases. Biologically: the sedimentation rate was accelerated in 86% of cases, a monoclonal peak appearance was revealed on serum proteins electrophoresis in 88%of cases, most often located in the γ zone (64%), a predominance of the Ig G isotype (64%), and kappa light chains in 60% of cases, Bence Jones protein (BJP) was found in 7 patients, i.e. 14% of cases, and plasmacytosis over 10% was found on the myelograms in 90 % of cases.

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