Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in a treated effluent from Puebla City-Mexico, resistant to antibiotics and heavy metals
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2020.3.3.0045Keywords:
EPEC, Effluent, Antibiotics, Heavy metals, MéxicoAbstract
The Atoyac river in the City of Puebla has become a receptor for industrial and domestic discharges, with microbial load being one of the most persistent pollutants even after treatment. Microbial load is an important factor for public health since pathogenic bacteria cause infectious diseases with different levels of severity. Chemical contaminants such as heavy metals and antibiotics are the cause of anthropogenic activities and their indiscriminate use. Because this river is a receptor for these pollutants, the objective of this study was to identify the presence of enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and determine its resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals. 113 strains of E. coli isolated from the Atoyac river wastewater were characterized using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, as well as their resistance to 12 antibiotics, as well as their resistance to Co, Mo, Fe. , Cu and Pb. The results showed that 85% of the strains belong to the EPEC pathotype, 77% (87/113) presented resistance to at least 1 type of antibiotic, only 24% had multi-resistance and all the strains had resistance to Mo and Fe, for Co and Cu they only presented medium resistance, before Pb only 5.3% (6/113) of the total of the strains presented resistance and 69% (78/113) presented only medium resistance. The results obtained reveal the presence of EPEC, a causal etiologic agent for diarrheal outbreaks capable of surviving and having resistance to antibiotics and metals, a result that supports the concern to pay attention to the health of the Atoyac river wastewater to avoid future infections in communities surrounding.
Metrics
References
Martínez AM, Veranes O, Carballo ME, Salgado I, Olivares S, Lima L and Rodríguez D. (2017). Resistencia a antibióticos y a metales pesados en bacterias aisladas del río Almendares. Revista CENIC Ciencias Biológicas, 41, 1-10.
Olguín EJ, González RE, Sánchez G, Zamora JE and Owen T. (2010). Contaminación de ríos urbanos: El caso de la subcuenca del río Sordo en Xalapa, Veracruz, México. Revista Latinoamericana de Biotecnologia Ambiental y Algal, 1, 178-190.
Arcos M, Avila S, Estupiñán SM and Gómez AC. (2005). Indicadores microbiológicos de contaminación de las fuentes de agua. Revista NOVA Publicación Científica en Ciencias Biomédicas, 3, 69-79.
Tzoc E, Arias ML and Valiente C. (2004). Efecto de las aguas residuales hospitalarias sobre los patrones de resistencia a antibióticos de Escherichia coli y Aeromonas sp. Revista Bimomédica, 15, 165-172.
Dreser A, Wirtz VJ, Corbett KK and Echániz G. (2008). Uso de antibióticos en México: revisión de problemas y políticas. Salud Pública de México, 50, 480-487.
Cervantes C, Espino AE, Acevedo F, León IL, Rivera ME, Avila M, Wróbel K, Wróbel K, Gutiérrez JF, Rodríguez JS and Moreno R. (2006) Interacciones microbianas con metales pesados. Revista Latinoamericana de Microbiologia, 48, 203-210.
Ruvalcaba JC, Rosas I, Pertuz SB, Interían L and Raygoza AM. (2014). Bacteriological indicators on the environment and in human healt. Current World Environment, 9, 96-104.
Somda NS, Bonkoungou OJI, Zongo C, Kpoda DS, Tapsoba F, Bassolé IHN, Traoré Y and Savadogo A. (2017). Prevalence of Escherichia coli virulence genes in patients with diarrhoea in ouagadougou, burkina faso. African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology, 18, 179-185.
Huang WC, Hsu BM, Kao PM, Tao CW, Ho YN, Kuo CW and Huang YL. (2016). Seasonal distribution and prevalence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in different aquatic environments in Taiwan. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 124, 37-41.
Ramírez FY, Avelar FJ, Garneau P, Márquez F, Guerrero AL and Harel J. (2013). Presence of multi-drug resistant pathogenic Escherichia coli in the San Pedro River located in the State of Aguascalientes, México. Frontiers Microbiology, 4, 1-16.
Obi CL, Green E, Bessong PO, De Villiers B, Hoosen AA, Igumbor EO and Potgieter N. (2004). Gene encoding virulence markers among Escherichia coli isolates from diarrhoeic stool samples and river sources in rural Venda communities of South Africa. Water SA, 30, 37-42.
Ahmed W, Neller R and Katouli M. (2005). Host species-specific metabolic fingerprint database for enterococci and Escherichia coli and its application to identify sources of fecal contamination in surface waters. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 71, 4461-4468.
Mendes D and Domingues L. (2015). On the track for an efficient detection of Escherichia coli in water: A review on PCR-based methods. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 113, 400-411.
Méndez RI, San Pedro L, Castillo ER and Vázquez E. (2010). Modelación del tiempo de conservación de muestras biológicas de agua. Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental, 26, 327-335.
Vila J, Alvarez M, Buesa J and Castillo J. (2009). Diagnóstico microbiológico de las infecciones gastrointestinales. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia Clinica, 27, 406-411.
Megchún JV, Landeros C, Soto A, Castañeda MR, Martínez JP, Nikolskii I, Galaviz I and Lango F. (2015). Total coliforms and Escherichia coli in surface and subsurface water from a sugarcane agroecosystem in Veracruz, México. Journal of Agricultural Science, 7, 110-119.
Rivera JA, Cedillo L, Guzmán M and Giono S. (2006). Diagnóstico de enterobacterias en el río Alseseca. Revista de la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM, 49, 20-22.
Nontongana N, Sibanda T, Ngwenya E and Okoh AI. (2016). Prevalence and antibiogram profiling of Escherichia coli pathotypes isolated from the Kat river and the fort beaufort abstraction water. International Journal Environmental Research Public Health, 11, 8213-8227.
Chávez E, Rivera JA, Castañeda, EI, Gil JC, Ochoa MA and Cedillo ML. (2012). Multiresistencia antimicrobiana de Escherichia coli enteropatógena y enterotoxigénica, detectadas en muestras clínicas mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. Revista Ciencias Biomédicas, 3, 40-48.
Stange C, Sidhu JPS, Tiehm A and Toze S. (2016). Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in coliform water isolates. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 219, 823-831.
Romeu B, Salazar P, Lugo D, Rojas NM and Eslava CA. (2012). Susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de aislamientos de Escherichia coli procedentes de ecosistemas dulceacuícolas. Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical, 64, 132-141.
Chindembele JM, Romeu B, Chivela M, Resto GA and Rojas NM. (2015). Evaluación de la resistencia antimicrobiana de cepas de Escherichia coli causantes de infecciones urinarias en la provincia de Huambo, Angola. Revista Cubana de Ciencias Biológicas, 4, 71-77.
Delgado ME, Tamez P, Gómez R, Zavala FJ, Eroza G, Nevárez GV, Pérez MC, Sánchez B, González M and Infante R. (2016). Multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from surface water in Bassaseachic Falls National Park, Mexico. International Journal of Environmental Research Public Health, 13, 3-15.
Abskharon RNN, Hassan SHA, Gad El-Rab SMF and Shoreit AAM. (2008). Heavy metal resistant of E. coli isolated from wastewater sites in Assiut City, Egypt. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 81, 309-315.
Chávez E, García M, Avelino F, Gil C and Castañeda EI. (2007). Identificación de tres factores de virulencia en cepas de Escherichia Coli aisladas de humanos. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia, 27, 114-117.
Marrero J, Díaz A and Coto O. (2010). Mecanismos moleculares de resistencia a metales pesados en las bacterias y sus aplicaciones en la biorremediación. Revista CENIC Ciencias Biológicas, 41, 67-78.
Sandoval AM, Pulido G, Monks S, Gordillo AJ and Villegas EC. (2009). Evaluación fisicoquímica, microbiológica y toxicológica de la degradación ambiental del río Atoyac, México. Interciencia, 34, 880-887.
Lamprecht C, Romains M, Huisamen N, Carinus A, Schoeman N, Sigge GO and Britz TJ. (2014). Escherichia coli with virulence factors and multidrug resistance in the Plankenburg River. South African Journal of Science, 110, 1-6.
Adefisoye MA and Okoh AI. (2016). Identification and antimicrobial resistance prevalence of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains from treated wastewater effluents in Eastern Cape, South Africa. Microbiology Open, 5, 143-151.
Novoa O, Frati AC, Peredo MA, Flores S, Novoa O, Galicia J and Romero CE. (2017). Susceptibility to rifaximin and other antimicrobials of bacteria isolated in patients with acute gastrointestinal infections in Southeast Mexico. Revista de Gastroenterología de México, 82, 226-233.
Veranes O. (2013). Evaluación de la resistencia a antibióticos y a metales pesados en aislados bacterianos del río Almendares. Revista CENIC Ciencias Biológicas, 44, 35-37.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Chávez-Bravo Edith, Cordero-Arellano Claudia Cecilia, Alonso-Calderón Alejandro IA, Rivera Antonio
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-sa/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.