Antimicrobial potential and characterization of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Ocimum sanctum extract
1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mewar University, Gangarar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India.
2 Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mewar University, Gangarar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India.
3 Department of Chemistry, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria.
Research Article
GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2024, 28(01), 234–242
Article DOI: 10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.1.0275
Publication history:
Received on 14 June 2024; revised on 25 July 2024; accepted on 28 July 2024
Abstract:
The growing resistance of microbes to conventional antibiotics and the environmental impact of chemical synthesis methods highlight the urgent need for effective and sustainable antimicrobial agents. In this study, we address these challenges by synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Ocimum sanctum leaf extract, a green and efficient method. We confirmed AgNPs synthesis through UV-vis spectroscopy, observing a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) peak centered at 420 nm. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis showed intense peaks at 37.81°, 45.01°, 63.91°, and 78.0°, corresponding to Bragg's reflections at 111, 200, 220, and 311, respectively, with an average particle size of approximately 18 nm calculated using Scherrer's formula. The reduction of Ag+ was monitored using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), which revealed a rapid decrease from 2.73 ppm to 0.023 ppm within four minutes, driven by the active reducing agents in the O. sanctum extract. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image confirmed the spherical shape of the AgNPs, with an average size of 23.82 ± 4.17 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy identified absorption peaks at 1635 cm⁻¹ and 3430 cm⁻¹, associated with the amide I bond of proteins and OH stretching in alcohols and phenolic compounds, respectively. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, demonstrated by a dose-dependent inhibitory effect against bacterial strains. The inhibition zone measured 6 mm at the lowest concentration of 5 µg/L and increased progressively to 14 mm at the highest concentration of 25 µg/L, indicating strong antimicrobial potential even at low dosages.
Keywords:
Silver Nanoparticles; Antimicrobial Activity; Ocimum Sanctum; Nanotechnology; Nanoparicles
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