Assessing the impact of radiofrequency radiation from cellular towers on human health: A comprehensive review
1 University of London, United Kingdom.
2 Department of Civil and Environment, College of Engineering, University of Zakho, Kurdistan region, Iraq.
Review Article
GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2024, 29(02), 077-085.
Article DOI: 10.30574/gscbps.2024.29.2.0413
Publication history:
Received on 25 September 2024; revised on 05 November 2024; accepted on 08 November 2024
Abstract:
The proliferation of cellular communication towers, driven by the rapid advancement of wireless technologies like 4G and 5G, has raised significant public health concerns regarding the potential effects of long-term exposure to radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic radiation (EMR). This review explores the implications of RF radiation emitted by these towers, which is classified as non-ionizing and typically associated with thermal effects, albeit at levels considered safe by major health organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Key topics addressed include the mechanisms of RF radiation interaction with biological systems, public concerns about health effects including cancer risks, neurological impacts, reproductive health, and the controversial condition known as electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS). While numerous studies suggest that RF exposure does not lead to significant adverse health outcomes at permissible levels, evidence regarding potential non-thermal effects, such as oxidative stress and changes in cell signaling, remains inconclusive. The review emphasizes the need for further research into the long-term effects of RF radiation, particularly with the expansion of 5G technology, and considers the regulatory frameworks established to ensure public safety. The conclusion highlights a cautious approach, advocating for ongoing scientific inquiry and the application of the precautionary principle, especially concerning vulnerable populations like children and pregnant women.
Keywords:
Cellular communication towers; Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation; Non-ionizing radiation; 4G and 5G technologies; Public health concerns; Safety guidelines
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Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0
