Characterization of multidrug-resistant extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli from commercial swine farms in Ohaukwu local government Area, Ebonyi State Nigeria
1 Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
2 Department of Microbiology, Kingsley Ozumba Mbadiwe University Ideato Imo State Nigeria
3 Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Nigeria
4 Department of Biology/Biotechnology, David Nweze Umahi Federal University of Sciences, Uburu Ebonyi State Nigeria
5 Department of Microbiology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Ebonyi State Nigeria
6 Department of Biology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Ebonyi State Nigeria
7 Department of Microbiology, David Nweze Umahi Federal University of Sciences, Uburu Ebonyi State Nigeria
8 Department of Industrial Chemistry, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki Nigeria.
Research Article
GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2025, 30(02), 306-319.
Article DOI: 10.30574/gscbps.2025.30.2.0062
Publication history:
Received on 05 January 2025; revised on 20 February 2025; accepted on 23 February 2025
Abstract:
Background: The expanding use of antimicrobials in livestock is an important contributor to the worldwide rapid increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The transfer of antibiotic resistance to humans, which usually occurs via the food chain, is of concern for human health. This study assessed the incidence of multiple antibiotic resistance of Extended Spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolated from swine in Ohaukwu local government area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Methodology: A total of 400 rectal and nasal swabs samples were randomly collected from four pig farms and analyzed for the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli. Phenotypic detection of ESBL-producing E. coli was done using double disk synergy test (DDST). Antibiotics susceptibility testing of ESBL-producing E. coli was determined against different classes of antibiotics using Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method and multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) was determined.
Results: Out of 400 swine samples collected, sow/piglets have 164(41.0%), the weaners 140(35.0%) while the finishers were 96 representing 24%. Furthermore, it revealed that out of the 400 samples studied, 157 (39.3%) were E. coli positive, rectal had 85 (42.5%) and nasal had 72 (36.0%). Exactly 19 (12.1%) were ESBL-producing E. coli out of the 157 isolates analyzed, 13 (15.3%); 6 (8.3%) were from rectal and nasal swabs respectively. The ESBL-producing E. coli from swine samples showed varying range of resistance to the antibiotic tested. The ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from rectal swab showed high resistant profile to Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, (76.9%); Cefepime, (92.3%); Ceftazidime, (84.6%); Nalidixic acid, (92.3%); and Piperacillin/Tazobactam and Cefoxitin, (100.0%). The ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from nasal swabs were (100.0%) resistance to Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, Cefepime, Cefoxitin, Colistin, Nalidixic acid and were (100.0%) susceptible to meropenem. The multi antibiotic resistance index of the isolates ranged from 0.33 to 0.83 with average index of 0.66.
Conclusion: The ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from swine was at high prevalence. This therefore is a big threat to public health and calls for a strict measure in the choice of antibiotics used in swine productions
Keywords:
ESBL; E. Coli; Multi Antibiotic Resistance; Swine; Ohaukwu; Ebonyi
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