Chemical compositions of ethanol extracts of Mimosa pudica root and Anacardium occidentale stem bark
Medical Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.
Research Article
GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2024, 28(02), 122–137.
Article DOI: 10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.2.0283
Publication history:
Received on 23 July 2024; revised on 06 August 2024; accepted on 08 August 2024
Abstract:
The ongoing requirement to consistently supplement the existing global medicine supply has persisted in driving the exploration for bioactive substances derived from natural sources, such as plants. The objective of this study is to evaluate the chemical contents of ethanol extracts obtained from the roots of Mimosa pudica and the stem bark of Anacardium occidentale. The phytochemical examination was conducted using gas chromatography combined with a mass spectrophotometer. The amino acid profile was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), while the presence of bioactive substances was screened using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer. The assessment of its ability to scavenge free radicals was conducted by assessing its inhibitory impact on ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), Nitric oxide (NO), superoxide scavenging radical, and 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. M. pudica showed the highest level of statistically significant (P<0.05) Nitric oxide radical scavenging activity. The findings indicate that the ethanol extracts of M. pudica roots and Anacardium occidentale stem bark contain a substantial number of beneficial phytochemicals, which possess notable antioxidant capabilities and the potential to eliminate free radicals. The proximate and mineral composition of the plants was determined using standard methods. The moisture content was found to be 3.65 ± 0.05% and 4.45 ± 0.07%, the fibre content was 3.55 ± 0.09% and 1.90 ± 0.05%, the ash content was 5.49 ± 0.12% and 3.94 ± 0.09%, the fat content was 0.89 ± 0.02% and 4.31 ± 0.07%, the protein content was 8.40 ± 0.10% and 9.90 ± 0.13%, and the carbohydrate content was 78.03 ± 1.18% and 75.52 ± 1.15%. In terms of minerals, the iron content was 3.98 ± 0.03% and 2.47 ± 0.07%, the copper content was 0.14 ± 0.01% and 0.10 ± 0.01%, and the zinc content was 0.34 ± 0.03% and 0.21 ± 0.02%. The composition of the sample is as follows: Magnesium (6.49 ± 0.86%), and (4.89 ± 0.93%), Potassium (6.46 ± 0.64%), and (6.04 ± 0.43%). The findings indicate that the bioactive chemicals found in the root of M. pudica and the stem bark of Anacardium occidentale have significant potential as a nutritional supplement and for the development of natural drugs.
Keywords:
Mimosa pudica; Anacardium Occidentale; Proximate Compositions; Phytochemicals; Free Radical Scavenging Activity.
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