Health and environmental benefits of phytochemicals and antibacterial effectiveness of Cola nitida seed extracts on Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli

Olamide Durodola 1, Obianuju Opara 2, Uchechukwu Anthony Ogwurumba 3, Amarachukwu Bernaldine Isiaka 4, Ugonna Henry Uzoka 5, Temitayo Margaret Omoyeni 6, Sani Muhammad Sade 7, Blessing Helen Udoma 8 and Mu’awiya Baba Aminu 9, *

1 Department of Biosystem Engineering, Auburn University, Alabama USA.
2 Department of Community and Global Health (MHS), Faculty of International Development Community and Environment (IDCE ), Clark University , Worcester , Massachusettes , USA.
3 Department of Mathematics and Statistics Faculty of Arts and sciences Georgia State University Georgia – USA.
4 Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
5 Department of Vetenary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine. Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike.
6 Department of Bioengineeering, Faculty of Engineering, Cyprus International University, Cyprus.
7 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria.
8 Chemical Engineering, School of Infrastructure, Process Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.
9 Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Federal University Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria.
 
Research Article
GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2024, 26(02), 044–058.
Article DOI: 10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.2.0036
Publication history: 
Received on 16 December 2023; revised on 29 January 2024; accepted on 01 February 2024
 
Abstract: 
Finding the phytochemical components of Cola nitida seeds and assessing the extracts' antibacterial properties against Salmonella typhi and E. coli were the main objectives of the current investigation. The bacteria (Salmonella typhi and E. coli) were taken from Usmanu Danfodiyo University's Teaching Hospital in Sokoto and were confirmed by a biochemical test. The extract of bitter kola (Cola nitida) was gathered from the Sokoto Old Market, Sokoto South Local Government, Sokoto. the flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, steroid, volatile oil, balsam, and saponin glycosides that make up phytochemicals. The Agar well diffusion method was utilised to assess the test bacteria's sensitivity to the extracts. The concentrations of minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) were ascertained. The result of this study has shown that the extract of Bitter kola (Cola nitida) contained phytochemical components. Components at high concentration include glycosides, alkaloids and volatile oil. While the components observed at moderate concentration includes tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and balsams. The trace/low concentration component is cardiac glycosides. The result of the antibacterial activity has shown that methanolic extracts of Cola nitida seeds had a range zone of inhibition from 27.0mm to 19.5 mm at 150 mg/l -50mg/l concentration against Salmonella typhi, which shows a great zone of inhibition very close to the control antibiotics, while E. coli had inhibition zone from 19.0 -12.0 mg/l at 150 – 50 mg/l which shows moderate inhibition zone. All the tested strain shows a definite MIC and MBC activity which ranges from 8.5 to 3.5 mg/ml. The result confirmed the antibacterial activity of Cola nitida
 
Keywords: 
Cola nitida; Antibacterial; Phytochemical; Bitter kola; Glycosides; Alkaloids and volatile oil
 
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Copyright information: 
Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0

 

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