Iko River Estuary: Anthropogenic impacts and the microbial community alterations
1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, PMB 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.
2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Research Article
GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020, 13(03), 189-196.
Article DOI: 10.30574/gscbps.2020.13.3.0399
Publication history:
Received on 08 December 2020; revised on 16 December 2020; accepted on 18 December 2020
Abstract:
The contamination of the aquatic systems with heavy metals has been on the increase since the last century due to industrial activities and this has contributed greatly to the variations in the microbial community structure and function in the ecosystem. The natural and anthropogenic variations in microbiological and heavy metals analysis in Iko River estuary was analyzed using standard methods. From the result, it was observes that anthropogenic variations influence greatly the microbial proliferation as significantly (p<0.05) higher microbial levels were observed across all microhabitats (tidal water, intertidal water and benthic sediment) as well as stations (upstream – Okoro, midstream – Kampa and downstream – Emeroke). It was observed that the sediment samples produced significantly (p<0.05) higher THB counts than tidal and intertidal water samples. Similar trends were observed for CUB, TF and CUF respectively. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the mean values of upstream, midstream and downstream. In all microhabitats and stations, the densities of crude oil-utilizing microorganisms were significantly (p<0.05) low compared to total heterotrophic counts. The total fungal counts were significantly (p<0.05) low compared to total heterotrophic bacteria counts. The result showed relatively higher concentrations of heavy metals in sediment than in tidal and intertidal water samples. The results indicate that the water and sediment samples show a remarkable variation in heavy metals and total petroleum hydrocarbon as a result of the great human activities in the estuary.
Keywords:
Microbiological; Heavy metals; Microbial analysis; Molecular analysis; Petroleum hydrocarbons
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Copyright © 2020 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0
