Innovative ocular drug delivery systems: A comprehensive review of nano formulations and future directions
Shri Swami Samarth Institute of Pharmacy, At Parsodi, Dhamangaon Rly, Dist -Amravati (444709) Maharashtra, India.
Review Article
GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2024, 29(02), 163–177.
Article DOI: 10.30574/gscbps.2024.29.2.0422
Publication history:
Received on 04 October 2024; revised on 11 November 2024; accepted on 14 November 2024
Abstract:
The eye's intricate structure and blood-ocular barriers pose significant challenges to effective ocular drug delivery. The blood-retinal barrier and blood-aqueous barrier restrict drug penetration, leading to poor bioavailability and limited treatment options for ocular diseases. Various administration routes, including systemic, topical, intravitreal, subconjunctival, and intracameral, have been explored to overcome these barriers. Nanotechnology-based platforms, such as liposomes, nanoemulsions, nanomicelles, nanosuspensions, and niosomes, have shown promise in enhancing ocular drug delivery. These platforms offer improved solubility, stability, and targeted release, increasing the efficacy of treatments for conditions like age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, fungal keratitis, and retinoblastoma. Future perspectives focus on developing minimally invasive, sustained-release systems that maintain intraocular efficacy. Nanofibers and stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems also hold potential for overcoming ocular delivery challenges.
Keywords:
Ocular drug delivery; Blood-ocular barriers; Nanotechnology; Nano-emulsions; Diabetic retinopathy; Cataract
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Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0
