The isolation, identification and antimicrobial activities of endophytic fungi from Azadirachta indica
1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria.
2Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
3 Department of Environmental Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
4 Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
5Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Research Article
GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020, 11(03), 115-124.
Article DOI: 10.30574/gscbps.2020.11.3.0171
Publication history:
Received on 10 June 2020; revised on 18 June 2020; accepted on 19 June 2020
Abstract:
Endophytic microorganisms are the storehouse of novel secondary metabolites that can serve as an excellent source of drugs for different ailment. In this study, we isolated endophytic fungi associated with Azadirachta indica collected from Agulu, Awka, Anambra State, South Eastern Nigeria, identified some of their bioactive secondary metabolites and evaluated their antimicrobial properties. The endophytic fungi were isolated following standard method and the pure culture of the isolates identified morphologically and molecularly. The fungi were subjected to solid-state fermentation on rice medium and the metabolites were extracted using ethyl acetate. The fungal crude extracts were screened for antimicrobial activity. The extracts were further subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis for the identification of the bioactive compounds. A total of four endophytic fungi identified as Aureobasidium sp. (AIL1), Sodaria sp. (AIL3), Aspergillus sp. (AIS1) and Penicillium sp. (AIS2) were isolated from the Azadirachta indica. The crude extracts at 1 mg/mL, showed varying degrees of antimicrobial activity against the test fungi and bacteria Iinhibtion zone diameter (IZD) ranged from 2 to 11 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the fungal extracts ranged from 0.0625 to 0.25 mg/mL. The HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the presence Glucobrassicin, Ferulic acid, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, 12-Hydroxy-16-scalaren, 12-O-deacetyl-12-epi-scalarin, Ixoside, Citreodrimene F, and Cytosporin D, some of which has been reported to have shown antimicrobial activity. Azadirachta indica possess sundry groups of fungal endophytes that contain secondary metabolites with interesting antimicrobial properties that could be explored in drug discovery.
Keywords:
Azadirachta indica; Endophytic fungi; Molecular identification; HPLC-DAD analysis; Antimicrobial activity
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