Allium sativum, a potential phytopharmacological source of natural medicine for better health

Authors

  • Bhushan R. Gudalwar IBSS’s Dr. Rajendra Gode College of Pharmacy, Mardi Road, Amravati-444 602, MS, India
  • Minakshee G. Nimbalwar IBSS’s Dr. Rajendra Gode Institute of Pharmacy, Mardi Road, Amravati-444 602, MS, India
  • Wrushali A. Panchale IBSS’s Dr. Rajendra Gode Institute of Pharmacy, Mardi Road, Amravati-444 602, MS, India
  • Ashish B. Wadekar IBSS’s Dr. Rajendra Gode Institute of Pharmacy, Mardi Road, Amravati-444 602, MS, India
  • Jagdish V. Manwar IBSS’s Dr. Rajendra Gode College of Pharmacy, Mardi Road, Amravati-444 602, MS, India
  • Ravindra L. Bakal IBSS’s Dr. Rajendra Gode Institute of Pharmacy, Mardi Road, Amravati-444 602, MS, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.6.3.0049

Keywords:

Allium sativum, Phytochemistry, Phytoconstituents, Pharmacological Activities

Abstract

Allium sativum, is a perennial flowering bulb which has been consumed worldwide as a functional food and known from thousands of years for its medicinal and culinary properties. Therapeutic potential of garlic is attributed to presence of its vital phytoconstituents. In present review, a complete therapeutic profile of drug is summarized by discussing its potential benefits highlighting the bioactive constituents. Phytoconstituents of crude drugs are used as antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, immunomodulatory, cardioprotective, anticancer, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, neuroprotective, etc. Thus, it could conclude that garlic is one of the superior natural sources of bioactive compounds and has promising applications in the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals to improve health, and to prevent chronic diseases in the human.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Ayurvedic Formulary of India, Ministry of Health and Family Planning, Government of India. The Controller of Publications: New Delhi;2001.

Badukale NA, et al. Phytochemistry, pharmacology and botanical aspects of Madhuca indica: A review. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2021; 10(2): 1280-1286.

Qiblawi S, Dhanarasu S, Faris MA. Chemopreventive Effect of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum L.) Against Benzo(α)Pyrene-Induced Forestomach Papillomagenesis in Swiss Albino Mice. J Environ PatholToxicol Oncol. 2015;34(2):95-104. doi: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2015010838.

Johri RK. Cuminum cyminum and Carum carvi: An update. Pharmacogn Rev. 2011;5(9):63-72. doi:10.4103/0973-7847.79101.

Tajuddin, Ahmad S, Latif A, Qasmi IA. Aphrodisiac activity of 50% ethanolic extracts of Myristica fragrans Houtt. (nutmeg) and Syzygiumaromaticum (L) Merr. & Perry. (clove) in male mice: a comparative study. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2003;3:6. Published 2003 Oct 20. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-3-6.

Takooree H, Aumeeruddy MZ, Rengasamy KRR, Venugopala KN, Jeewon R, Zengin G, Mahomoodally MF. A systematic review on black pepper (Piper nigrum L.): from folk uses to pharmacological applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2019;59(sup1):S210-S243. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1565489. PMID: 30740986.

Prasan R. Bhandari. Garlic (Allium sativum L.): A review of potential therapeutic applications. International Journal of Green Pharmacy.2012;118-129.

Manwar JV, Mahadik KR, Sathiyanarayanan L, Paradkar AR, Patil SV. Comparative antioxidant potential of Withania somnifera based herbal formulation prepared by traditional and non-traditional fermentation processes. Integr Med Res. 2013; 2:56-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imr.2013.04.002

Khadatkar SN, Manwar JV, Sahare AY. Preparations and evaluation of Microcapsules of Capsaicin. International Journal of Chemical Sciences. 2007; 5(5):2333-2341.

Sahare AY, Padgilwar SS, Chaudhari Y, Manwar JV. Hypericum perforatum: A Medicinal plant. Plant Archives. 2007; 7(2):463-468.

Manmode R, Manwar J, Vohra M, Padgilwar S, Bhajipale N. Effect of preparation method on antioxidant activity of ayurvedic formulation kumaryasava. J HomeopAyurv Med. 2012; 1:114. doi:10.4172/2167-1206.1000114.

Padgilwar S, Manwar J, Vohra M, Banginwar Y. Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Oroxylum Indicum: A Review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research. 2014; 3 (6):483-486.

Manwar J, Mahadik K, Paradkar A, Sathiyanarayanan L, Vohra M, Patil S. Isolation, biochemical and genetic characterizations of alcohol-producing yeasts from the flowers of Woodfordia fruticosa. J Young Pharm. 2013;5(4):191-194.

Khadatkar SN, Manwar JV, Bhajipale NS. In-vitro anthelmintic activity of root of Clitoria ternatealinn. 2008; 4(13):148-150.

Sahare AY, et al. Antimicrobial activity of Pseudarthria viscida roots. Asian Journal of Microbiology Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences. 2008; 10(1):135-136.

Wadekar AB, et al. Morphology, phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects of Carica papaya, an review. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2020; 14(03).

Prasan R. Bhandari. Garlic (Allium sativum L.): A review of potential therapeutic applications. International Journal of Green Pharmacy.2012;118-129.

Adaki S, Adaki R, Shah K, Karagir A. Garlic: Review of literature. Indian J Cancer. 2014; 51:577-81.

Rivlin RS. Historical perspective on the use of garlic. J Nutr. 2001; 131:951S-954S.

Onuora C, et al. Therapeutic Effects of Garlic: A Review. Scientific Journal of Biology & Life Sciences. 2019;1(1):SJBLS.MS.ID.000502.

Bayan, L, Koulivand PH, Gorji A. Garlic: A Review of Potential Therapeutic Effects. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine. 2014; 4(1):1-14.

Kimura S, Tung YC, Pan MH, Su NW, Lai YJ, Cheng KC. Black garlic: A critical review of its production, bioactivity, and application. J Food Drug Anal. 2017; 25:62-70.

Panchale WA, et al. Chromatographic analysis of famotidine, paracetamol and ibuprofen from tablet formulation. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2019; 12:231-263.

Panchale WA, et al. Concurrent analysis of ambroxol HCl and salbutamol sulphate from tablet formulation by RP-HPLC. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2020; 13(03):197-202.

Sabhadinde AF, et al. Novel RP-HPLC method for simultaneous analysis of chlorthalidone and telmisartan from combined dosage form. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research. 2020; 20(1):491-502.

Panchale WA, et al. RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of escitalopram oxalate and flupentixol HCl in tablet dosage form. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2021; 14(01):169-174. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.14.1.0004.

Nimbokar SW, et al. Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for determination of zonisamide from tablet formulation. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research. 2021;7(2):196-200

Manwar JV, et al. Development of newer RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of cefixime and linezolide in bulk drugs and combined dosage form. International Journal of Pharmacy and Life Sciences. 2021;12(1):26-31.

Panchale WA, Gulhane CA, Manwar JV, Bakal RL. Simultaneous estimation of salbutamol sulphate and ambroxol HCl from their combined dosage form by UV-Vis spectroscopy using simultaneous equation method. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2020;13(03):127-134.

Pophalkar PB, et al. Development and evaluation of ondansetron medicated jelly. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2018; 7(19):1252-1263.

Panchale WA, Bakal RL. First-order derivative spectrophotometric estimation of gemifloxacin mesylate and ambroxol HCl in tablet dosage form. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences.2021; 14 (2):029-036.

Bakal RL, et al. Spectrophotometric estimation of amitriptyline HCL and chlordiazepoxide in tablet dosage form. International Journal of Chemical Sciences. 2007; 5(1):360–364.

Manwar JV, et al. Application of simultaneous equation method for the determination of azithromycin and cefixime trihydrate in tablet formulation, Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2017;10(1):108-112.

Manwar JV, et al. Response surface based optimization of system variables for liquid chromatographic analysis of candesartan cilexetil. Journal of Taibah University for Science. 2017; 11:159–172.

Gulhane CA, et al. Liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous estimation of thiocolchicoside and etoricoxib from tablet formulation. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. 2021;11(3).

Manwar J, Mahadik K, Paradkar A, Patil S, Sathiyanarayanan L, Manmode R. Gas chromatography method for the determination of non-ethanol volatile compounds in herbal formulation. International Journal of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 2013; 3(1):12-17.

Wadekar AB, et al. Formulation and evaluation of extended release tablet of metoprolol succinate. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences.2016; 5(6):1302-1316.

Wadekar AB, et al. An overeview on exosome: Natural drug delivery vehicle. World Journal Of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2013; 2(1):75-88.

Kadam CY, et al. Design and in vitro characterization of phase transition system using rivastigmine tartrate for nasal drug delivery system. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2018; 8(1):815-829.

Suroshe RS, et al. Development and Characterization of Osmotic Drug Delivery System of Model Drug. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2018; 7(18):1158-1171.

Patil SS, Kumbhar DD, Manwar JV, Jadhao RG, Bakal RL, Wakode S. Ultrasound-Assisted Facile Synthesis of Nanostructured Hybrid Vesicle for the Nasal Delivery of Indomethacin: Response Surface Optimization, Microstructure, and Stability. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2019 Jan 29;20(3):97. doi: 10.1208/s12249-018-1247-1.

Nimbalwar MG, Upadhye K, Dixit G. Fabrication and evaluation of ritonavir proniosomal transdermal gel as a vesicular drug delivery system. Pharmacophore. 2016; 7(2):82-95.

Diretto G, Rubio-Moraga A, Argandona J, Castillo P, Gomez-Gomez L, Ahrazem O. Tissue-specific accumulation of sulfur compounds and saponins in different parts of garlic cloves from purple and white ecotypes. Molecules 2017; 22:1359.

Szychowski KA, Rybczynska-TkaczykK, Gawel-Beben K, Swieca M, Karas M, Jakubczyk A, Matysiak M, Binduga, UE, Gminski J. Characterization of active compounds of different garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivars. Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2018; 68:73-81.

Bradley JM, Organ CL, Lefer DJ. Garlic-derived organic polysulfides and myocardial protection. J. Nutr. 2016; 146:403S-409S.

Wang YC, Guan M, Zhao X, Li XL. Effects of garlic polysaccharide on alcoholic liver fibrosis and intestinal microflora in mice. Pharm. Biol. 2018; 56: 325-332.

Hahn G, Koch HP, Lawson LD. Garlic: the science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L and related species 1996. 2nd ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.

Josling PA. The heart of garlic Nature's aid to healing the human by chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis. Life Sci. 2005; 62:71-77.

Yoo DY, Kim W, Nam SM, Yoo M, Lee S, Yoon YS, Won MH, Hwang IK, Choi JH. Neuroprotective effects of Z-ajoene, an organosulfur compound derived from oil-macerated garlic, in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region after transient forebrain ischemia. Food Chem Toxicol. 2014; 72:1-7.

Kodera Y, Ushijima M, Amano H, Suzuki J, Matsutomo T. Chemical and biological properties of S-1-propenyl-l-cysteine in aged garlic extract. Molecules. 2017; 22:570.

Yoo M, Lee S, Kim S, Hwang JB, Choe J, Shin D. Composition of organosulfur compounds from cool and warm-type garlic (Allium sativum L.) in Korea. Food Sci Biotechnol. 2014; 23:337-344.

Mansingh DP, Dalpati N, Sali VK, Rachel Vasanthi A H. Alliin the precursor of allicin in garlic extract mitigates proliferation of gastric adenocarcinoma cells by modulating apoptosis. Phcog Mag. 2018;14, Suppl S1:84-91

Lanzotti V. The analysis of onion and garlic. J Chromatogr A. 2006; 1112(1-2):3-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.12.016.

Finley JW. Reduction of cancer risk by consumption of selenium-enriched plants: enrichment of broccoli with selenium increases the anticarcinogenic properties of broccoli. J Med Food. 2003; 6:19-26.

Chan JY, Yuen AC, Chan RY, Chan SW. A review of the cardiovascular benefits and antioxidant properties of allicin. Phytother Res. 2013; 27:637-646.

Cruz C, et al. Renoprotective and antihypertensive effects of S-allylcysteine in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 2007; 293:F1691-F1698.

Fasolino I, et al. Orally administered allyl sulfides from garlic ameliorate murine colitis. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2015; 59:434-442.

Takashima M, Kanamori Y, Kodera Y, Morihara N, Tamura K. Aged garlic extract exerts endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effect on rat aorta by increasing nitric oxide production. Phytomedicine. 2017; 24:56-61.

Asdaq SM, Inamdar MN. Potential of garlic and its active constituent, S-allyl cysteine, as antihypertensive and cardioprotective in presence of captopril. Phytomedicine. 2010; 17:1016-1026.

Sausbier M, Schubert R, Voigt V, Hirneiss C, Pfeifer A, Korth M, Kleppisch T, Ruth P, Hofmann F. Mechanisms of NO/cGMP-dependent vasorelaxation. Circ Res. 2000 Oct 27;87(9):825-30. doi: 10.1161/01.res.87.9.825.

Li X, Kim HY, Cui HZ, Cho KW, Kang DG, Lee HS. Water extract of Zanthoxylum piperitum induces vascular relaxation via endothelium-dependent NO-cGMP signaling. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 May 27;129(2):197-202. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.03.003.

Mukthamba P, Srinivasan K. Dietary fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds and garlic (Alliumsativum) alleviates oxidative stress in experimental myocardial infarction. Food Science and Human Wellness. 2017; 6:77-87.

Kandaziora J. Blood pressure and lipid lowering effect of garlic preparations in combination with a diuretic.ArtzlicheForschung. 1988;35:1‐8.

Stabler SN, Tejani AM, Huynh F, Fowkes C. Garlic for the prevention of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Aug 15;(8):CD007653. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007653.pub2.

Kwak JS, Kim JY, Paek JE, Lee YJ, Kim HR, Park DS, Kwon O. Garlic powder intake and cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Nutr Res Pract. 2014;8(6):644-54. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.6.644.

Gebhardt R, Beck H. Differential inhibitory effects of garlic-derived organosulfur compounds on cholesterol biosynthesis in primary rat hepatocyte cultures. Lipids. 1996; 31(12):1269-1276.

Yeh YY, Yeh SM. Garlic reduces plasma lipids by inhibiting hepatic cholesterol and triacylglycerol synthesis. Lipids. 1994; 29(3):189-193.

Kwon MJ, Song YS, Choi MS, Park SJ, Jeong KS, Song YO. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity and atherogenic parameters in rabbits supplemented with cholesterol and garlic powder. Life Sci. 2003; 72(26):2953-2964.

Sun X, Ku DD. Allicin in garlic protects against coronary endothelial dysfunction and right heart hypertrophy in pulmonary hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006; 291(5):H2431-H2438.

Siegel G, Nuck R, Schnalke F, Michel F. Molecular evidence for phytopharmacological K+ channel opening by garlic in human vascular smooth muscle cell membranes. Phytother Res. 1998; 12(l1):S149-S151.

Rahman K. Effects of garlic on platelet biochemistry and physiology. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2007; 51(11):1335-1344.

Borrelli F Capasso, A Raffaele, Angelo A. Antioxidant action and therapeutic efficacy of Allium sativum L. Molecules. 2013; 18(1):690-700.

Prasad G, Sharma VD, Kumar A. Efficacy of garlic (Allium sativum L.) therapy against experimental dermatophytosis in rabbits. Indian J Med Res. 1995; 75:465-467.

Torok B, Belagyi J, Rietz B, Jacob R. Effectiveness of garlic on the radical activity in radical generating systems. Arzneimittelforschung. 1994; 44:608-611.

Locatelli DA, Nazareno MA, Fusari CM, Camargo AB. Cooked garlic and antioxidant activity: Correlation with organosulfur compound composition. Food Chem. 2017; 220:219-224.

Jaber MA, Al Mossawi A. Susceptibility of some multiple resistant bacteria to garlic extracts. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2007; 6(6):771- 776.

Tsao SM, Yin MC. In vitro antimicrobial activity of four diallyl sulphides occurring naturally in garlic and Chinese leek oil. J Med Microbiol. 2001; 50(7):646-649.

Guo YJ. Experimental study on the optimization of extraction process of garlic oil and its antibacterial effects. Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern Med. 2014; 11:411-414.

Li WR, Shi QS, Liang Q, Huang XM, Chen YB. Antifungal effect and mechanism of garlic oil on penicillium funiculosum. Appl Microbiol Biot. 2014; 98:8337-8346.

Li WR, Shi QS, Dai HQ, Liang Q, Xie XB, Huang XM, Zhao GZ, Zhang LX. Antifungal activity, kinetics and molecular mechanism of action of garlic oil against Candida albicans. Sci Rep. 2016; 6:22805.

Shams Ghahfarokhi M, Shokoohamiri MR, Amirrajab N, Moghadasi B, Ghajari A. In vitro antifungal activities of Allium cepa Allium sativum and ketoconazole against some pathogenic yeasts and dermatophyte. Fitoterapia. 2006; 77(4):321-323.

Zhen H, Fang F, Ye DY, Shu SN, Zhou YF, Dong YS, Nie XC, Li G. Experimental study on the action of allitridin against human cytomegalovirus in vitro: inhibitory effects on immediate early genes. Antiviral Res. 2006; 72:68-74.

OlimovNemat, AbrorMuhitdinov, Sobir Aminov, Xabibullo Aliyev, Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Garlic Oil Extract, Medical and Health Science Journal. 2013; 14(2):84-86.

Jayanthi MK, Murali Dhar, Anti-inflammatory effects of Allium sativum (Garlic) in experimental rats. Biomedicine. 2011; 31(1):84-89.

Park SY, Seetharaman R, Ko MJ, Kim DY, Kim TH, Yoon MK, Kwak JH, Lee SJ, Bae YS, Choi YW. Ethyl linoleate from garlic attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production by inducing heme oxygenase-1 in RAW 264.7 cells. Int Immunopharmacol. 2014; 19:253-261.

Dehghani S, Alipoor E, Salimzadeh A, Yaseri M, Hosseini M, Feinle-Bisset C, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ. The effect of a garlic supplement on the pro-inflammatory adipocytokines, resistin and tumor necrosis factor and on pain severity, in overweight or obese women with knee osteoarthritis. Phytomedicine. 2018; 48:70-75.

Li M, Yan YX, Yu QT, Deng Y, Wu DT, Wang Y, Ge YZ, Li SP, Zhao J. Comparison of immunomodulatory effects of fresh garlic and black garlic polysaccharides on RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Food Sci. 2017; 82:765–771.

Nantz MP, Rowe CA, Muller CE, Creasy RA, Stanilka JM. Supplementation with aged garlic extract improves both NK and γδ-T cell function and reduces the severity of cold and flu symptoms: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled nutrition intervention. Clin Nutr. 2012; 31(3):337-344.

Mohamed EH, Baiomy AAA, Ibrahim ZS, Soliman MM. Modulatory effects of levamisole and garlic oil on the immune response of wistar rats: Biochemical, immunohistochemical, molecular and immunological study. Mol Med Rep. 2016; 14:2755-2763.

Percival SS. Aged garlic extract modifies human immunity. J Nutr. 2016; 146:433S-436S.

GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet. 2016; 388(10053):1459-1544.

Bom J, Gunutzmann P, Hurtado ECP, MaragnoCorrea, JMR, Kleeb SR, Lallo MA. Long-term treatment with aqueous garlic and/or tomato suspensions decreases Ehrlich ascites tumors. Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med. 2014;381649.

Smith MT, Guyton KZ, Gibbons CF, Fritz JM, Portier CJ, Rusyn I, DeMarini DM, Caldwell JC, Kavlock RJ, Lambert PF. Key characteristics of carcinogens as a basis for organizing data on mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Environ. Health Perspect. 2016; 124:713-721.

Nicastro HL, Ross SA, Milner JA. Garlic and onions: Their cancer prevention properties. Cancer Prev. Res. 2015; 8:181-189.

Zhang Y, Liu X, Ruan J, Zhuang X, Zhang X,Li Z. Phytochemicals of garlic: Promising candidates for cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020; 123:109730.

Nicastro HL, Ross SA, Milner JA. Garlic and onions: Their cancer prevention properties. Cancer Prev. Res. 2015; 8:181-189.

Jakszyn P, Agudo A, Ibanez R, Garcia-Closas R, Pera G, Amiano P, Gonzalez CA. Development of a food database of nitrosamines, heterocyclic amines, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. J. Nutr. 2004; 134:2011-2014.

Milner JA. Mechanisms by which garlic and allyl sulfur compounds suppress carcinogen bioactivation- Garlic and carcinogenesis. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2001; 492:69-81.

Almatroodi SA, Alsahli MA, Almatroudi A, Rahmani AH. Garlic and its Active Compounds: A Potential Candidate in The Prevention of Cancer by Modulating Various Cell Signalling Pathways. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2019; 19(11):1314-1324.

Myneni AA, Chang SC, Niu R, Liu L, Swanson MK, Li J, Su J, Giovino GA, Yu S, Zhang ZF, Mu L. Raw Garlic Consumption and Lung Cancer in a Chinese Population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2016;25(4):624-633.

Petrovic V, Nepal A, Olaisen C, Bachke S, Hira J, Sogaard CK, Rost LM, Misund K, Andreassen T, Melo TM. Anti-cancer potential of homemade fresh garlic extract is related to increased endoplasmic reticulum stress. Nutrients. 2018; 10:450.

Charron CS, Dawson HD, Albaugh GP, Solverson PM, Vinyard BT, Solano Aguilar GI, Molokin A, Novotny JA. A single meal containing raw, crushed garlic influences expression of immunity and cancer related genes in whole blood of humans. J. Nutr. 2015; 145:2448-2455.

Nasr AY, Saleh HAM. Aged garlic extract protects against oxidative stress and renal changes in cisplatin treated adult male rats. Cancer Cell Int. 2014; 14:92.

Qamar A, Siddiqui A, Kumar H. Fresh garlic amelioration of high fat diet induced fatty liver in albino rats. J. Pak. Med. Assoc. 2015; 65:1102-1107.

Meng X, Li Y, Li S, Gan RY, Li HB. Natural products for prevention and treatment of chemicalinduced liver injuries. Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf. 2018: 17:472-495.

Meng X, Li S, Li Y, Gan RY, Li HB. Gut microbiota’s relationship with liver disease and role in hepatoprotection by dietary natural products and probiotics. Nutrients. 2018; 10:1457.

Shoetan A, Augusti KT, Joseph PK. Hypolipidemic effects of garlic oil in rats fed ethanol and a high lipid diet. Experientia. 1984; 40:261-263.

Mirunalini S, Arulmozhi V, Arulmozhi T. Curative effect of garlic on alcoholic liver diseased patients. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences. 2010; 3:147-152.

Lee KC, Teng CC, Shen CH, Huang WS, Lu CC, Kuo HC, Tung SY. Protective effect of black garlic extracts on tert-Butyl hydroperoxide-induced injury in hepatocytes via a c-Jun N-terminal kinase dependent mechanism. Exp Ther Med. 2018; 15:2468-2474.

ApriokuJS, Amah Tariah FS. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) protects hepatic and renal toxicity of alloxan in rats. Br. J. Pharm. Res. 2017; 17:34909.

Guan MJ, Zhao N, Xie KQ, Zeng T. Hepatoprotective effects of garlic against ethanol induced liver injury: A mini review. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2018; 111:467-473.

Lee HS, Lee SJ, Yu HJ, Lee JH, Cho HY. Fermentation with Lactobacillus enhances the preventive effect of garlic extract on high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in mice. J Funct Foods. 2017; 30:125-133.

Rana SV, Pal R, Vaiphei K, Singh K. Garlic hepatotoxicity: safe dose of garlic. Trop Gastroenterol. 2006; 27(1):26-30.

Hoshino T, Kashimoto N, Kasuga S. Effects of Garlic Preparations on the Gastrointestinal Mucosa. The Journal of Nutrition. 2001; 131(3):1109S-1113S.

Chen YA, Tsai JC, Cheng KC, Liu KF, Chang CK, Hsieh CW. Extracts of black garlic exhibits gastrointestinal motility effect. Food Res. Int. 2018; 107:102-109.

Nasim I, Sadiq M, Jehangir A. Hepatoprotective effect of garlic (Allium sativum) and milk thistle (silymarin) in isoniazid induced hepatotoxicity in rats, Biomedica. 2011; 27:166-170

Al Brakati A. Protective effect of aged garlic extracts against hepatotoxicity induced by ethephon in Wistar albino rat. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020; 27(6):6139-6147.

El Ashmawy NE, Khedr EG, El Bahrawy HA, Selim HM. Gastroprotective effect of garlic in indomethacin induced gastric ulcer in rats. Nutrition. 2016; 32:849-854.

Liu CT, Sheen LY, Lii CK. Does garlic have a role as an antidiabetic agent? Mol Nutr Food Res. 2007; 51(11):1353-64.

Ozougwu JC, Eyo JE, Studies on the anti diabetic activity of Allium sativum (garlic) aqueous extracts on alloxan-induced diabetic albino rat. Pharmacologyonline. 2010; 2:1079-1088.

Thomson M, Al Qattan KK, JS D. Anti-diabetic and antioxidant potential of aged garlic extract (AGE) in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015; 16:17.

Eidia A, Eidib M, Esmaeilia E. Antidiabetic effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Phytomedicine. 2006; 13:624-629.

Kaur G, Padiya R, Adela R, Putcha UK, Reddy GS, Reddy BR, Kumar KP, Chakravarty S, Banerjee, SK. Garlic and resveratrol attenuate diabetic complications, loss of beta-cells, pancreatic and hepatic oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Front Pharmacol. 2016; 7:360.

Al brakati AY. Protective effect of garlic against diabetic retinopathy in adult albino rats. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci. 2016; 7:2748-2759.

Kagawa Y, Ozaki Masuzawa Y, Hosono T, Seki T. Garlic oil suppresses high-fat diet induced obesity in rats through the upregulation of UCP-1 and the enhancement of energy expenditure. Exp Ther Med. 2020; 19(2):1536-1540.

Yang C, Li L, Yang L, Lu H, Wang S, Sun G. Anti-obesity and Hypolipidemic effects of garlic oil and onion oil in rats fed a high-fat diet. NutrMetab (Lond). 2018; 15:43.

Chen YC, Kao TH, Tseng CY, Chang WT, Hsu CL. Methanolic extract of black garlic ameliorates diet induced obesity via regulating adipogenesis, adipokine biosynthesis, and lipolysis. J Funct Foods. 2014; 9:98-108.

Alhashim, Minhal, Lombardo, Jamie MD. Mechanism of Action of Topical Garlic on Wound Healing, Dermatologic Surgery. 2018; 44(5):630-634.

Sohail Ejaz, Irina Chekarova, Jae Woo Cho, Seung Yeon Lee, Shoaib Ashraf, Chae Woong Lim. Effect of aged garlic extract on wound healing: A new frontier in wound management. Drug and Chemical Toxicology. 2009; 32(3):191-203.

Zhou H, Qu Z, Mossine VV, Nknolise DL, Li J, Chen Z, Cheng J, Greenlief CM, Mawhinney TP, Brown PN, Fritsche KL, Hannink M, Lubahn DB, Sun GY, Gu Z. Proteomic analysis of the effects of aged garlic extract and its FruArg component on lipopolysaccharide induced neuroinflammatory response in microglial cells. PLoS One. 2014; 9(11):e113531.

Kosuge Y. Neuroprotective mechanisms of S-allyl-L-cysteine in neurological disease. Exp Ther Med. 2020; 19(2):1565-1569.

Seckiner I, Bayrak O, Can M, Mungan AG, Mungan NA. Garlic supplemented diet attenuates gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats. Int. Braz. J. Urol. 2014; 40:562-567.

Nasri H, Nematbakhsh M, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Ethanolic extract of garlic for attenuation of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. Iran J Kidney Dis. 2013; 7(5):376-82.

Seckiner I, Bayrak O, Can M, Mungan AG, Mungan NA. Garlic supplemented diet attenuates gentamicin nephrotoxicity ın rats. Int Braz J Urol. 2014; 40(4):562-7.

Nasiri A, Ziamajidi N, Abbasalipourkabir R, Goodarzi MT, Saidijam M, Behrouj H, Asl SS. Beneficial effect of aqueous garlic extract on inflammation and oxidative stress status in the kidneys of type 1 diabetic rats. Indian J. Clin. Biochem. 2017; 32:329-336.

Garcia Trejo EMA, Arellano Buendia AS, Sanchez Reyes O, Garcia Arroyo FE, Arguello Garcia R, Loredo Mendoza ML, Tapia E, Sanchez Lozada LG, Osorio Alonso H. The Beneficial Effects of Allicin in Chronic Kidney Disease Are Comparable to Losartan. Int J Mol Sci. 2017; 18(9):1980.

Downloads

Published

2021-03-30

How to Cite

Gudalwar, B. R., Nimbalwar, M. G., Panchale, W. A., Wadekar, A. B., Manwar, J. V., & Bakal, R. L. (2021). Allium sativum, a potential phytopharmacological source of natural medicine for better health. GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 6(3), 220–232. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.6.3.0049

Issue

Section

Review Article

Most read articles by the same author(s)