Precision medicine as a promising tool to empower research in healthcare industry
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2018.4.3.0068Keywords:
Precision medicine, In silico, USFDA, Data mining, Algorithm, Artificial intelligenceAbstract
Ever since the first human genome was sequenced in 2001, there has been growing investment and research interest in precision medicine aimed at targeting medicines for precise therapy. This concept uses genomic sequencing to diagnose rare disease conditions where conventional therapies have failed. Precision medicine is a treatment regime specifically tailored to have the highest chance of success and lowest risk of adverse effects. It promises three benefits first, to patients by improving efficacy of drugs and reducing adverse effects. Second, it saves the healthcare systems from the cost burden of treating adverse effects by reducing expenditure on ineffective drugs. Third, to pharmaceutical industry by enabling drug makers to select and evaluate drug candidates much more cheaply and quickly than is possible currently. It can be emphasized that, the “precision” of precision medicine relies on the availability of large amounts of high quality, diverse data (both clinical and genomic) to accurately and equitably inform diagnosis and treatment approaches. So, the quality of the outcomes facilitated will be determined and limited by the quality of the data used to inform them. This can be complemented and validated with an experienced physician, scientist and pathologist to realize its full potential and success. In this review, the methodologies adopted and recent advances in the precision medicine are summarized.
Metrics
References
Collins FS and Varmus H. (2015). A new initiative on precision medicine. New England Journal of Medicine, 372(9), 793-5.
Fackler JL and McGuire AL. (2009). Paving the way to personalized genomic medicine: steps to successful implementation. Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine (Formerly Current Pharmacogenomics), 7(2), 125-32.
U.S. National Library of Medicine. What are some potential benefits of precision medicine …? https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/precisionmedicine/potentialbenefits [Last accessed on 28 August, 2018].
Strovel J, Sittampalam S, Coussens NP, Hughes M, Inglese J, Kurtz A, Andalibi A, Patton L, Austin C, Baltezor M and Beckloff M. (2016). Early drug discovery and development guidelines: for academic researchers, collaborators, and start-up companies.
Hopkins AL. (2008). Network pharmacology: the next paradigm in drug discovery. Nature chemical biology, 4(11), 682.
Hamburg MA and Collins FS. (2010). The path to personalized medicine. New England Journal of Medicine, 363(4), 301-4.
Life Science Intellectual Property Review, The future of precision medicine part 1: challenges and opportunities. https://www.lifesciencesipreview.com/contributed-article/the-future-of-precision-medicine-part-1-challenges-and-opportunities [Last accessed on 28 August, 2018]
Palanisamy V and Thirunavukarasu R. (2017). Implications of Big Data Analytics in developing Healthcare Frameworks–A review. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences.
Morgan AA, Mooney SD, Aronow BJ and Brenner SE. (2016). Precision medicine: data and discovery for improved health and therapy. In Biocomputing 2016: Proceedings of the Pacific Symposium, 243-248.
Hodson R. (2016). Precision medicine. Nature, 537(7619), S49.
Ashley EA. (2016). Towards precision medicine. Nature Reviews Genetics, 17(9), 507.
Dolsten M and Søgaard M. (2012). Precision medicine: an approach to R&D for delivering superior medicines to patients. Clinical and Translational Medicine, 1(1), 1-7.
Mesko B. (2017). The role of artificial intelligence in precision medicine. Expert Review of Precision Medicine and Drug Development, 2(5), 239-241.
Fleming N. (2018). How artificial intelligence is changing drug discovery. Nature, 557 (S57)
Can Artificial Intelligence Help Drug Development? By Larry Ramer, Drug Patent Watch. https://www.drugpatentwatch.com/blog/can-artificial-intelligence-help-drug-development/ [Last accessed on 28 August, 2018].
Maeder ML and Gersbach CA. (2016). Genome-editing technologies for gene and cell therapy. Molecular Therapy, 24(3), 430-46.
Yip A and Webster RM. (2018). The market for chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies. Nature reviews. Drug discovery, 17(3), 161.
FDA News Release, FDA approves CAR-T cell therapy …. B-cell lymphoma. https://www.fda.gov/newsevents/newsroom/pressannouncements/ucm581216.htm [Last accessed on 28 August, 2018].
Medical, ‘The FDA Approves a Second CAR-T Therapy, Cheaper than Novartis’. https://labiotech.eu/medical/yescarta-kymriah-car-t-therapy/ [Last accessed on 28 August, 2018]
Medical, A Cure for Cancer? How CAR-T Therapy is Revolutionizing Oncology. https://labiotech.eu/features/car-t-therapy-cancer-review/ [Last accessed on 28 August, 2018].
Loxo Oncology Press release. https://ir.loxooncology.com/press-releases/loxo-oncology-announces-details-of-loxo-292-clinical-data-presentations-at-the-2018-american-society-of-clinical-oncology-asco-annual-meeting [Last accessed on 28 August, 2018].
Shim G, Kim D, Park GT, Jin H, Suh SK and Oh YK. (2017). Therapeutic gene editing: delivery and regulatory perspectives. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 38(6), 738.
Vertex, Investor Relations, News & Events, CRISPR Therapeutics and Vertex Provide Update on FDA Review of Investigational New Drug Application for CTX001 for the Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease. https://investors.vrtx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/crispr-therapeutics-and-vertex-provide-update-fda-review [Last accessed on 28 August, 2018].
Wang D, Khosla A, Gargeya R, Irshad H and Beck AH. (2016). Deep learning for identifying metastatic breast cancer. arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.05718.
What we do? https://benevolent.ai/about-us/ [Last accessed on 28 August, 2018].
Industry News / 2017 / GSK Signs $43M Artificial Intelligence-Driven Drug Development Deal. https://www.pharmamanufacturing.com/industrynews/2017/gsk-signs-43m-artificial-intelligence-driven-drug-development-deal/ [Last accessed on 28 August, 2018].
Atomwise news. https://www.atomwise.com/2015/12/02/introducing-atomnet-drug-design-with-convolutional-neural-networks/ [Last accessed on 28 August, 2018].
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.