Analysis of genetic diversity and bioaccumulation potential of Juncus acutus grown in some northern swamp habitats of Egypt

Hassan Mansour

doi:10.30574/gscbps.2018.5.2.0111

Authors

Hassan Mansour Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522 Egypt.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2018.5.2.0111

Keywords:

Juncus acutus, Manzala, Sinai, Genetic diversity, Pollution, Bioaccumulation

Abstract

Juncus acutus is one of main wetland plants, valuable in remediation of wetland environment from heavy metals. Determination of genetic diversity in its natural populations is important for species conservation and ecological restoration. The present study evaluated the genetic diversity of four populations of J. acutus growing in Manzala lake coast and inland swamps in Ismailia and Sinai by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Fifteen primers generated a total of 217 RAPD bands (loci) of which 156 (71.9%) were polymorphic across all individuals of the four populations. At Manzala lake coast (i.e. sites 3 and 4, contaminated sites), the genetic diversity measures observed in the populations of the two species showed higher diversity in comparison to the less contaminated sites 1 and 2 ( Ismailia and Sinai). This study revealed also the presence of a noticeable accordance between genetic diversity measures of J. acutus with some edaphic variables and heavy metal concentration in soil of the studied sites and leaves of the two species and it indicated that populations from sites 3 and 4 respond with increased genetic variation, resulting possibly from new mutations affecting allele frequencies, as a consequences of adaptation to changes or disturbances in the environment. This may indicate that the increased diversity levels may act as a buffer to severe heavy metal stress, which explains the importance of monitoring the genetic diversity of J. acutus populations in detecting trends that should alert ecologists to potential problems.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Good R. (1974). Geography of Flowering Plants. Longman Group, United Kingdom, 574.

Den Hartog C, Kvet J and Sukopp H. (1989). Reed: a common species in decline. Aquatic Botany, 35, 1-4.

Serag MA, Khedr AA, Zahran MA and Willis AJ. (1999). Ecology of some of some aquatic plants in polluted water courses, Nile Delta, Egypt. Journal of Union of Arab Biologists (B), 9, 85-97.

Mohan BS and Hosetti BB. (1999). Aquatic plants for toxicity assessment (review). Environmental Research, 81, 259-274.

Zurayk R, Sukkariyah B and Baalbaki R. (2001). Common hydrophytes as bioindicators of nickel, chromium and cadmium pollution. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 127, 373-388.

Bourret V, Couture P, Campbell PGC and Bernatchez L (2008). Evolutionary ecotoxicology of wild perch (Perca flavescens) populations chronically exposed to a polymetallic gradient. Aquatic Biology, 86, 76-90.

Hoffmann AA and Willi Y. (2008). Detecting genetic responses to environmental change. Nature, 9, 421-432.

Deng J, Liao B, Ye M, Deng D, Lan C and Shu W. (2007). The effects of heavy metal pollution on genetic diversity in zinc/cadmium hyperaccmulator Sedium alfredii populations. Plant Soil, 297, 83-92.

McNaughton SJ. (1975). R- and k-selection in Typha. American Nature, 109, 251-261.

Silander JAJr. (1985). Microevolution in clonal plants. In: Jackson JBC, Buss LW and Cook.

Raybould AF, Gray AJ, Lowrence MJ and Marshall DF. (1991). The evolution of Spartina C-E. Hubbard (Graminae): origin and genetic variability. Biological Journal of Linnean Society, 43, 111-126.

Jackson JBC, Buss LW and Cook RE. (1985). Population biology and evolution of clonal organisms. Yale university press, London.

De Kroon H and van Groenendael J. (1997). The ecology and evolution of clonal plants, Backbuys Publication, Leiden.

Williams JGK, Kubelik AR, Livak KJ, Rafalski JA and Tingey S. (1990). DNA polymorphism amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Research, 18, 6531-6535.

Chapman HD and Pratt FP. (1961). Ammonium vandate-molybdate method for determination of phosphorus. In: Methods of analysis for soils, plants and water. 1st Ed. California: California University, Agriculture Division, 184-203.

Jackson ML. (1973). Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India, 38–204.

Allen SE, Grimshaw HM, Parkinson JA and Quarmby C. (1974). Chemical analysis of ecological materials. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific.

Baruah TC and Barthakur HP. (1997). A Textbook of Soil Analysis. Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd, 334 pp.

USEPA (1986). Quality Criteria for Water. EPA-440/5-86-001, Office of Water Regulations Standards, Washington DC, USA.

Yeh FC, Yang RC, Boyle TBJ, Ye ZH and Mao JX. (1999). POPGENE 3.2, User-Friendly Shareware for Population Genetic Analysis. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton. Available from: http://ualberta.ca/wfeyeh.

Peakall R and Smouse PE. (2006). GENALEX 6: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. Molecual Ecology Notes, 6, 288–295.

Tsyusko OV, Smith MH, Sharitz RR and Glenn TC. (2005). Genetic and clonal diversity of two cattail species, Typha latifolia and T. angustifolia (Typhaceae), from Ukraine. American Journal of Botany, 92, 1161–1169.

Diyanat M, Booshehri AAS, Alizadeh HM, Naghavi MR and Mashhadi HR. (2011). Genetic diversity of Iranian clones of common Reed (Phragmites australis) based on morphological traits and RAPD markers. Weed Science, 59, 366−375.

Zeidler A, Scheneiders S, Jung C, Melchinger AE and Dittrich P. (1994). The use of DNA fingerprint in ecological studies of Phragmites australis (Cav.). Trin. ex Steudel. Botanica Acta, 107, 237–242.

Koppitz H, Ku¨hl H, Hesse KJ and Kohl G. (1997). Some aspects of the importance of genetic diversity in Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel for the development of reed stands. Botanica Acta, 110, 217–223.

McLellan AJ, Prati D, Kaltz O, Schimd B. (1997). In: de Kroon H. and. van Groenendael J (Eds.), Structure and analysis of phenotypic and genetic variation in clonal plants, 185–210.

Koppitz H. (1999). Analysis of genetic diversity among selected populations of Phragmites australis world-wide. Aquatic Botany, 64, 209–221.

Keller BEM. (2000). Genetic variation among and within populations of Phragmites australis in the Charles River watershed. Aquatic Botany, 66, 195–208.

Bussell GD, Waycott M and Chappill JA. (2005). Arbitrarily amplified DNA markers as characters for phytogenetic interference. Perspect. Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 7, 3–26.

Curn V, Kubatova B, Vavrova P, Krivackova-Sucha O and Cizkova H. (2007). Phenotypic and genotypic variation of Phragmites australis: comparison of populations in two human-made lakes of different age and history. Aquatis Botany, 86, 321–330.

Hargeby A, Johansson J and Ahnesjo J. (2004). Habitat-specific pigmentation in a freshwater isopod: adaptive evolution over a small spatiotemporal scale. Evolution, 58, 81–94.

Hansen DL, Lambertini C, Jampeetong A and Brix H. (2007). Clone-specific differences in Phragmites australis: effects of ploidy level and geographic origin. Aquatic Botany, 86, 269–279.

Bush EJ and Barret SCH. (1993). Genetics of mine invasions by Deschampsia cespitosa (Poaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany, 71, 1336-1348.

Brian K, Pelikan S, Toth G, Smith M, and Rogstad S. (1999). Genetic diversity of Typha latifolia (Typhaceae) and the impact of pollutants examined with tandem-repetitive DNA probes. American Journal of Botany, 86(9), 1226–1238.

Guo XX and Mrazek J. (2008). Long simple sequence repeats in host-adapted pathogens localize near genes encoding antigens, housekeeping genes, and pseudogenes. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 67, 497–509.

Hancock AM, Alkorta-Aranburu G, Witonsky DB and Di Rienzo A. (2010). Adaptations to new environments in humans: the role of subtle allele frequency shifts. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 365, 2459–2468.