The correlation between inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and level of malondialdehyde (MDA) on placenta tissue of pregnant mice in malaria infection with intra uteri growth restriction

Tanto Hariyanto; Kana Mardhiyyah; Karyono Mintaroem; Edy Suyanto; Loeki Enggar Fitri; Teguh Wahju Sardjono

doi:10.30574/gscbps.2018.5.3.0139

Authors

Tanto Hariyanto Master Program in Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya Malang – Indonesia.
Kana Mardhiyyah Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya Malang – Indonesia.
Karyono Mintaroem Department of Pathology Anatomy Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya Malang – Indonesia.
Edy Suyanto State Health Polytechnic of Malang – Indonesia.
Loeki Enggar Fitri Department of Parasitology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya Malang – Indonesia.
Teguh Wahju Sardjono Department of Parasitology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya Malang – Indonesia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2018.5.3.0139

Keywords:

iNOS, Intra uteri growth restriction, Malaria, Malondialdehyde

Abstract

Malaria infection in pregnant women can cause various clinical manifestations, one of them is fetus low birth weight. Sequestrations of infected erythrocytes and macrophages on intervillous space has been revealed by previous study, however the mechanism of this sequestration in placenta insufficiency is still unknown. We suggested that local immunity on placenta tissue can induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that can cause the destructions of placenta tissue due to the fetus low birth weight. This research was conducted to explore the path of immunity response on malaria placenta which involved the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). This experimental laboratory study was done in pregnant Balb/c strain mice that infected with Plasmodium berghei in 9^th day of pregnancy. Eighteen mice were divided into control group (pregnant mice) and treatment group (pregnant mice infected with Plasmodium berghei). iNOS expression was detected by using polyclonal antibody t iNOS, and level of MDA in the placenta tissue was measured by NTB assay. Fetal birth weight was measured on 15^th day of pregnancy using analytic balance. The t-test independent showed a significant difference on iNOS expression between control group and treatment group (p<0.000), as well as fetal birth weight. (p<0.000). However there was no significant difference in the level of MDA between control group and treatment group (p = 0.101), The Pearson correlation test showed a significant correlation between iNOS expression with fetus birth weight (p<0.000); r=-0.925). It can be concluded that local immune response in placenta that involve nitric oxide pathway is responsible to placenta insufficiency.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Kakkilaya's BS. Life Cycle of Malaria. https://www.malariasite.com/, Last accessed on 05/01/2016

Tuteja R. (2007). Malaria−an overview. The FEBS journal, 274(18), 4670-4679.

Kakkilaya's BS. (2009). Malaria and pregnance are mutually aggravatting. https://www.malariasite.com/, Last accessed on 22/7/2017.

Ndam NT and Deloron P. (2007). Molecular aspects of Plasmodium falciparum infection during pregnancy. BioMed Research International, 2007.

Neres R, Marinho CR, Gonçalves LA, Catarino MB and Penha-Gonçalves C. (2008). Pregnancy outcome and placenta pathology in Plasmodium berghei ANKA infected mice reproduce the pathogenesis of severe malaria in pregnant women. PloS one, 3(2), e1608.

Wahlgren M and Perlmann P. (2003). Malaria: molecular and clinical aspects. CRC Press.

Olayaki LA, Ajao SM, Jimoh GA, Aremu IT and Soladoye AO. (2008). Effect of vitamin C on malondialdehyde (MDA) in pregnant Nigerian women. J Basic Appl Sci, 4(2), 105-108.

Ribera JM, Hausmann-Muela S, D'Alessandro U and Grietens KP. (2007). Malaria in pregnancy: what can the social sciences contribute? PLoS Medicine, 4(4), e92.

Langhorne J, Quin SJ and Sanni LA. (2002). Mouse models of blood-stage malaria infections: immune responses and cytokines involved in protection and pathology. In Malaria immunology, 80, 204-228.

Fried MI and Duffy PE. (1998). Maternal malaria and parasite adhesion. Journal of Molecular Medicine, 76(3-4), 162-171.

Abbas AK, Lichtman AH and Pillai S. (2014). Cellular and molecular immunology E-book. Fifth editions, Elsevier.

Biggs BA and Brown GV. (2001). Principle and Practice of Clinical Parasitology. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, England.

Rogerson SJ, Hviid L, Duffy PE, Leke RF and Taylor DW. (2007). Malaria in pregnancy: pathogenesis and immunity. The Lancet infectious diseases, 7(2), 105-117.

Suguitan Jr AL, Cadigan TJ, Nguyen TA, Zhou A, Leke RJ, Metenou S, Thuita L, Megnekou R, Fogako J, Leke RG and Taylor DW (2003). Malaria-associated cytokine changes in the placenta of women with pre-term deliveries in Yaounde, Cameroon. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 69(6), 574-581.

O'Gorman MR and Donnenberg AD. (2008). Handbook of human immunology. CRC press.

Hunt NH, Kopp M and Stocker R. (1992). Free radicals and antioxidants in malaria. Biochemistry and clinical applications. Basel, Birkhäuser Verlag.

Scherf A, Pouvelle B, Buffet PA and Gysin J. (2001). (2001). Molecular mechanisms of Plasmodium falciparum placental adhesion. Cellular microbiology, 3(3), 125-131.

Sardjono TW. (2005). Pengaruh Infeksi Toxoplasma Pada Hasil Kehamilan Melalui Interferon Gama Ifn-Γ Caspase-3 Dan Apoptosis Sel-Sel Plasenta. Penelitian Eksperimental Laboratoris Pada Mencit Balb/C Bunting Yang Diinokulasi Dengan Takhizoit Toxoplasma Gondii Galur Rh. Doctoral dissertation, Airlangga University Library, Surabaya.

Supargiono. (1993). Production, proliferation and functional activities of mononuclear phagocytes during P. vincke Petteri infection in mice. Doctoral dissertation, University of London 1993.