Two antihyperglycaemic compounds from Globimetula braunii (Engl.) Van Tiegh (Loranthaceae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2020.11.1.0066Keywords:
Globimetula braunii, Antihyperglycaemic activity, Phyllanthone, methyl 2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoateAbstract
Large numbers of medicinal plants are constantly being screened for possible pharmacological values, especially for chronic diseases such as diabetes, with the view of discovering new compounds that may serve as templates for synthesis of more active/less toxic drugs. Therefore, the antihyperglycaemic activity of the leaf of Globimetula braunii with antidiabetic ethnomedical usage in Nigeria was investigated is this study to justify this folkloric claim. The median lethal dose, LD50 of the ethanol leaf extract of G. braunii was determined using Lorke’s method and its antihyperglycaemic effect at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg was evaluated using glucose-induced hyperglycaemic rats while glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) and 1 % Tween 80 in normal saline served as positive and negative controls, respectively. Anti-hyperglycaemic activity-directed purification of the extract of the plant in glucose-loaded rats, led to the isolation and characterisation of phyllanthone and methyl 2, 6-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoate from the dichloromethane partitioned fraction. The findings showed that the LD50 of the ethanol leaf extract of G. braunii was greater than 5,000 mg/kg while its 100 mg/kg was the most active dose with comparable activity (p>0.05) to the standard drug, glibenclamide. The dichloromethane and aqueous partitioned fractions of the extract were the most promising fractions. Chromatographic separations of the dichloromethane fraction yielded phyllanthone, and methyl 2, 6-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoate that elicited comparable activity to glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) at 10 and 20 mg/kg at all time-points. The study justified the antidiabetic folkloric use of G. braunii leaf and confirmed phyllanthone and methyl 2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoate as two of its antihyperglycaemic constituents.
Metrics
References
Sofowora A. (2008). Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa, 3rd edition, Spectrum Books Ltd, Ibadan, 7.
Lai PK and Roy J. (2004). Antimicrobial and chemopreventive properties of herbs and spices. Curr. Med. Chem, 11(11), 1451–60.
Tan AC, Konczak I, Sze DM and Ramzan I. (2010). Towards the discovery of novel phytochemicals for disease prevention from native Australian plants: an ethnobotanical approach. Asian Pacific Journal Clinical Nutrition, 19(3), 330–334.
Tapsell LC, Hemphill I, Cobiac L, Patch CS, Sullivan DR, Fenech M, Roodenrys S, Keogh JB, Clifton PM, Williams PG, Fazio VA and Inge KE. (2006). Health benefits of herbs and spices: the past, the present, the future. Medicinal Journal of Australia, 185(4), S4–24.
Rates SMK. (2001). Plants as source of drugs. Toxicon, 39(5), 603-13.
Gurib-Fakim A. (2006). Medicinal plants: Traditions of yesterday drugs of tomorrow. Mol. Asp. Med, 27(1), 1–93.
Tizhe TD, Alonge SO and Aliyu RE. (2015). Antibacterial Activity of Globimetula braunii Sourced from Five Different Host Trees in Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria. Int. J. Curr. Sci, 18, 117–23.
Burkill HM. (1985).The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa, vol. 3, 2nd edn, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 094764301X.
Okpuzor J, Kareem G andEjikeme C. (2009a). Lipid Lowering Activity of Globimetula braunii. Research Journal of Medicinal Plant, 3(2), 45-51.
Okpuzor J, Ogbunugafor H and Kareem GK. (2009). Hepatic and hematologic effects of fractions of Globimetula braunii in normal albino rats. Excli Journal, 8(1), 182-189.
Okpuzor J, Ogbunugafor H and Kareem GK. (2009). Antioxidative Properties of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Globimetula braunii in Normal Albino Rats. Journal of Biological Sciences, 9(5), 470–3.
Fred-Jaiyesimi A, Onabanjo T andJaiyesimi A. (2008). Biochemical and Toxicological Effects of Globimetula braunii (Loranthaceae) Leaf. African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 6(2), 11–15.
Oboh IE andNworgu ZAM. (2008). Oxytocic properties of the aqueous extract of Globimetula braunii (Loranthaceae). Pak. J. Pharm. Sci., 21, 356-60.
Olagunju JA. (1999). Thehypoglycaemic property of normal saline leaf extract of Globimetula braunii in alloxanized diabetic albino rats. Biomed Lett., 60(235), 83-9.
Aliyu MM, Musa AII, Kamal MJA and Mohammed MG. (2014). Phytochemical screening and anticonvulsant studies of ethyl acetate fraction of Globimetula braunii on laboratory animals. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 4(4), 285-289.
Atiku I, Sule MI, Pateh UU, Musa AM, Ya’u J, Sani YM, Hanwa UA, Abdullahi SM, Adamu SA, Lawal EA and Abdulrahman H. (2015). Phytochemical, Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Studies of the Crude Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Globimetula braunii Van Tiegh (Loranthaceae). Natural Products Chemistry and Research, 3(6), 1- 4.
Ja'afar MK, Jamil S, Basar N, Bakar MB, Sarker SD, Flanagan K and Senge M. (2017). Lactones and Flavonoids isolated from the Leaves of Globimetula braunii. Natural Product Communications, 12(9), 1455-1458.
Committee for the update of the guide for the care and use of laboratory animals, institute for laboratory animal research, division on earth and life studies, national research council of the national academies (2011). Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC.
Lorke D. (1983). A new approach to practical acute toxicity testing. Arch. Toxicol., 54(4), 275-87.
Adebajo AC, Ayoola MD, Obagbemi OR, Obuotor EM, Ogunsina MO andVerspohl EJ. (2013). Antihyperglycaemic and antioxidant activities of Eugenia uniflora leaf: evaluation of ethnomedical claims IV Ife Journal of Science and Technology, 1, 1-18.
Adebajo AC, Ayoola MD, Odediran SA, Aladesanmi AJ, Schmidt TJ andVerspohl EJ. (2013). Evaluation of ethnomedical claims III: anti-hyperglycaemic activities of Gongronema latifolium root and stem. Journal of Diabetes, 5, 336-43.
Ayoola MD, Akinwunmi KF and Agboola OB. (2017). Anti-diabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Entandrophragma cylindricum and Triclisia subcordata. Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine, 21, 24-31.
Ayoola MD, Adebajo AC, Obuotor EM, Oladapo TO and Fleischer TC. (2017). Anti-hyperglycaemic and anti-oxidant activities of five Nigerian antidiabetic plants. Journal of Science and Technology KNUST, 37(2), 71-84.
Verspohl EJ. (2002). Recommended testing in diabetes research. Planta Medica, 68, 581-90.
Luzi L and Pozza G. (1997). Glibenclamide: an old drug with a novel mechanism of action? ActaDiabetologica, 34, 239-44.
Murray RK, Granner DK and Rodwell VW. (2006). Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry. 27th Ed., International Edition, McGraw-Hill Education (Asia), Singapore, 172-5.
Okpanachi GO, Oyi AR, Musa H, Abdulsamad A, Sani MB and Ya’u J. (2018). Phytochemical Screening and Hypoglycaemic Property of Globimetula braunii (Loranthaceae) Leaf Extracts. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 22(1), 1-11.
Akinwunmi KF and Ayoola MD. (2018). Antihyperglycaemic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Carica papaya and Citrus lanatus seeds. Ife J. Sci., 20(2), 207-217.
Famuyiwa FG, Ayoola MD., Famuyiwa SO and Aladesanmi AJ. (2018). Hyperglycaemia Lowering Effect of Kaurane Diterpenoids from the Fruits of Xylopia aethiopica (A. Dunal) Rich. International Journal of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products, 4(3), 11-19.
Faloye KO, AyoolaMD, Amos-TautuaBM and Famuyiwa SO. (2018). Anti-diabetic Activity of Convallatoxin Isolated from the Root Bark of Parquetina nigrescens (Afzel.) Bullock (Asclepiadaceae). European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 25(4), 1-9.
Olanudun EA, Ayoola MD and Famuyiwa SO. (2018). The isolation and characterisation of lupeol-3- acetate from the hyperglycaemia-lowering fraction of the stem bark of Chrysophyllum albidum. Ife Journal of Science, 20(2), 229-236.
Ayoola MD, Adebajo CA, Zotor FB and Pinkoane MG. (2019). Justifying Antidiabetic Ethnomedicinal Claim of Senecio biafrae through its Antihyperglycaemic and Antioxidant Activities. Annals of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 1(2), 1-8.
Ndlebe VJ, Crouch NR and Mulholland DA. (2008). Triterpenoids from the African tree Phyllanthus polyanthus. Phytochemistry Letters, 1, 11-7.
Tjahjandarie, TS, Saputri RD and Tanjung M. (2016). Methyl 2,5-Dihydroxy-4-(31-methyl-21-butenyl) benzoate. Molbank M892.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.