RT-PCR diagnosis of invasive Candida albicans strain predominant among a private school in Kirkuk City
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2020.11.2.0121Keywords:
RT-PCR, Molecular diagnosis, Candida albicans, Private schoolAbstract
This work was carried out to investigate the incidence of the invasive Candida albicans fungus in oral swabs collected from a private primary school and to confirm its invasiveness by RT-PCR. Accordingly, the total of (368) students in the age range of (7-12) years from both sexes was orally examined for the incidence of Candida albicans from October 2019 to March 2020. Wet oral swabs were directly cultured on Sabouraud agar medium, and positive cultures were examined microbiologically. Results of Gram's staining revealed the isolation of the invasive Candida albicans confirmed by the germ tube test. This fungus was significantly (P<0.05) prevalent in most of the school students, where males were more affected (64.53%) than female students (35.47%) across all age groups. Moreover, the molecular analysis of the isolated fungal strains confirmed the invasiveness of the isolates.
Metrics
References
Höfling JF, Anibal PC, Obando-Pereda GA, Peixoto IA, Furletti VF, Foglio MA and Gonçalves RB. (2010). Antimicrobial potential of some plant extracts against Candida species. Brazilian Journal of Biology. Nov, 70(4), 1065-8.
Owotade FJ and Patel M. (2014). Virulence of oral Candida isolated from HIV-positive women with oral Candidiasis and asymptomatic carriers. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology, 118(4), 455-60.
Barnett JA. (2008). A history of research on yeasts 12: medical yeasts part 1, Candida albicans. Yeast, 25(6), 385-417.
Rautemaa R and Ramage G. (2011). Oral candidosis–clinical challenges of a biofilm disease. Critical reviews in microbiology, 37(4), 328-36.
Williams D and Lewis M. (2011). Pathogenesis and treatment of oral candidosis. Journal of oral microbiology, 3(1), 5771.
Yilmaz AE, Gorpelioglu C, Sarifakioglu E, Dogan DG, Bilici M and Celik NU. (2011). Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions from birth to two years. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 14(3), 349-53.
Lund RG, da Silva Nascente P, Etges A, Ribeiro GA, Rosalen PL and Del Pino FA. (2010). Occurrence, isolation and differentiation of Candida spp. and prevalence of variables associated to chronic atrophic Candidiasis. Mycoses, 53(3), 232-8.
Lalla RV, Patton LL and Dongari-Bagtzoglou A. (2013). Oral candidiasis: pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment strategies. Journal of the California Dental Association, 41(4), 263-8.
Martins N, Ferreira IC, Barros L, Silva S and Henriques M. (2014). Candidiasis: predisposing factors, prevention, diagnosis and alternative treatment. Mycopathologia, 177(5-6), 223-40.
Tawfeeq AA and Taher SA. (2018). Epidemiological study evaluating the impact of front door duct slot of a combined domestic sewer–rainwater drainage system on children health in Kirkuk, 2017. Karbala International Journal of Modern Science, 4(4), 369-76.
Baddley JW, Benjamin DK, Patel M, Miró J, Athan E, Barsic B, Bouza E, Clara L, Elliott T, Kanafani Z and Klein J. (2008). Candida infective endocarditis. European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases, 27(7), 519-29.
Tawfeeq AA. (2019). Prospective Cohort Study Defining Candida albicans Infections In Some Primary Schools In South of Kirkuk/Iraq. Proceeding of The 6th International Scientific Conference of Genetic and Environment Baghdad, Iraq, 150-158.
Rozkiewicz D, Daniluk T, Zaremba ML, Cylwik-Rokicka D, Stokowska W, Pawińska M, Dabrowska E, Marczuk-Kolada G and Waszkiel D. (2006). Oral Candida albicans carriage in healthy preschool and school children. Advances in medical sciences, 51, 187-90.
Nassir and Noor Ismaeel. (2010)."Incidence of C. albicans isolates from oral and vaginal candidiasis, study of their susceptibility and cross-resistance to some antifungal agents". Thesis. College of Medicine / Al-Qadisiya University/ Iraq.
Bellemain E, Carlsen T, Brochmann C, Coissac E, Taberlet P and Kauserud H. (2010). ITS as an environmental DNA barcode for fungi: an in silico approach reveals potential PCR biases. BMC microbiology, 10(1), 189.
Karahan ZC and Akar N. (2005). Subtypes of genotype A Candida albicans isolates determined by restriction endonuclease and sequence analyses. Microbiol Res, 160, 361–6.
El-Naggar MY, Al-Basri HM and Karam El-Din AZ. (2010). Molecular diagnosis of Candida albicans using real-time polymerase chain reaction of a CaYST1 gene. Journal of Taibah University for Science, 3(1), 8-13.
Habeeb RA, Al-Saadi AM and Jasim NO. (2015). "Isolation and identification of some types of Candida spp." J. Babylon University/ Pure &Applied Science, 23(3), 955-964.
Dadar M, Tiwari R, Karthik K, Chakraborty S, Shahali Y and Dhama K. (2018). Candida albicans-Biology, molecular characterization, pathogenicity, and advances in diagnosis and control–An update. Microbial pathogenesis, 117, 128-38.
Yang B and Rao R. (2018). Emerging Pathogens of the Candida Species. InCandida Albicans. Nov 5. IntechOpen.
Ashraf JM. (2010). "Role of Candida albicans Fungi in foundation some protozoa and bacteria". Tikrit Journal of pure science. 15(1), 14-19.
Ali CI, Mahmood AR, Jafar NA and Khorsheed S. (2009). "Prevalence of enteropathogenic diarrhea in Children up to 2 years in Kirkuk province". Tikrit Medical Journal, 15(2), 124-131.
Haydar MA, Al-Hamadani AH and Al-Muhana AM. (2017). "Genotyping and antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida albicans isolated from neonatal thrush infections in Iraq. Al-Qadisiya Medical Journal, 9(15), 240-249.
Hameed AR, Ahmed L and Ali SM. (2018). "The Prevalence of Candida spp. Among Children with Diarrhea in Baqubah-Iraq". International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering & Technology, 1(3), 34-43.
Moreira D, Spolidorio DMP, Rodrigues JA de O, Boriollo MFG, Pereira CV, Rosa EAR and Hofling JF. (2001). "Candida spp. biotypes in the oral cavity of school children from different socioeconomic categories in Piracicaba - S.P., Brazil". Pesqui Odontol Bras, 15(3), 187-195.
Sarkar M. (2013). Personal hygiene among primary school children living in a slum of Kolkata, India. Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene, 54(3), 153.
Deb S, Dutta S, Dasgupta A and Misra R. (2010). Relationship of personal hygiene with nutrition and morbidity profile: A study among primary school children in South Kolkata. Indian journal of community medicine: official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 35(2), 280.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.