In vitro antioxidant analysis and quantitative determination of phenolic and flavonoid contents of Emilia sonchifolia (L) D.C (Asteraceae) leaf extract and fractions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2020.11.2.0123Keywords:
Antioxidant, Flavonoids, Phenolic Asteraceae, Emilia sonchifoliaAbstract
Emilia sonchifolia (L.) D.C. is a medicinal plant from the family Asteraceae known for a wide range of ethnomedicinal uses such as management of inflammatory diseases, pains, cancer, diabetes, cataract, asthma and liver disease. This research was aimed at assessing the antioxidant potential and quantitative determination of phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract and fractions of Emilia sonchifolia leaves. The leaves of the plant were processed, extracted and partitioned successively and exhaustively with dichloromethane (DCM) and ethyl acetate. Phytochemical screening was carried out on the methanol extract using standard methods. Antioxidant evaluation of the methanol extract and fractions of Emilia sonchifolia leaves was carried out using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay and 2, 2, diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Quantitative determination of total phenolic content and total flavonoid content was done. The extraction and partitioning yielded the crude extract and respective fractions. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids and cardiac glycosides. Antioxidant evaluation of the crude extract and fractions of the plant exhibited significant (p<0.001) antioxidant activity in both assay though not comparable with the standard agent, ascorbic acid. In DPPH assay, the highest percentage inhibition was observed in ethyl acetate fraction (62%) followed by the extract (61%), DCM fraction (55%) and aqueous fractions (54%) at 100 µg/mL. In FRAP assay, the highest reducing power was exhibited by ethyl acetate fraction (0.457 nm) followed by the extract (0.444 nm), DCM fraction (0.441 nm) and aqueous fraction (0.439 nm). Although these activities were significant, they were not comparable to that of the standard drug ascorbic acid (0.914 nm). In total phenolic content assay ethyl acetate fraction had the highest phenolic content (5.804 mg/g), followed by crude extract (2.500 mg/g). The total flavonoid content was observed to be highest in ethyl acetate fraction (10.556 mg/g), followed by crude extract (4.444 mg/g). From this research work it was observed that Emilia sonchifolia leaves have a good antioxidant activity which could be responsible for its wide range of ethnomedicinal activities and this lends scientific credence for the use of this plant in the management of disease conditions.
Metrics
References
Nayeem A, KhatumAmina R and Rahman M. (2011). Evaluation of phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Mikaniacordata (Asteraceae) leaves.Journal of Nayeem pharmacognosy and phytotherpy, 3(8), 118 – 123.
WHO. (2011). The World Traditional Medicine Situation, In Traditional Medicines: Global Situation, Issues and Challenges. Geneva, 3, 1- 14.
Petrovska BB. (2012). Historical Review of Medicinal Plants Usage. PharmacognReviev, 6(11), 1.
Pryor WA. (1991). Free Radicals. New York: McGraw-Hill, 354.
Xu DP, Li Y, Meng X, Zhou T, Zhou Y, Zheng J, Zhang JJ and Li HB. (2017). Natural Antioxidants in Foods and Medicinal Plants; Extraction, Assessment and Resources. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(1), 96.
Piette PG. (2000). Flavonoids as Antioxidant. Natural Products, 63, 1035-1042.
Kala C, Ali SS, Mohd A, Rajpoot S and Najam AK. (2015). Protection against FCA induced oxidative stress DNA damage as a model of arthritis and in vitro Anti- Arthritic potential of Costus Specious Rhizome Extract. International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2(3), 60-79.
Dash GK, Abdullah M, Syafiq and Yahaya R. (2015). Traditional uses, photochemistry and pharmacological aspects of Emilia sonchifolia (L) DC. International Journal Res. Ayurveda Pharm., 6(4), 531-536.
Edagha IA, Davis KG, Akpan BC, Mbadugha CC and Udoiso WU. (2014). Ethanolic Extract of Emilia sonchifolia leaves possess erythropoitic and hepato protective Effects in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei berghei. Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(1), 11-17.
Essien GE, Nwiudu LL and Nwafor PA. (2009). Anti-inflammatory and analgesic potentials of.methanolic extract of Emilia sonchifolia leaves in rodents. African Journal of Biomedical Research, (12)3, 199-207.
Comfort CM and Ogbonnaya AE. (2009). Effects of aqueous extract of Emilia sonchifolia on some liver enzymes in Dothizone induced diabetes in Rabbits. Nigeria Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 24(1), 8-15.
Asijie O, Adelusi SA and Usifo CO. (2006). Antioxidant Activity of Emilia sonchifolia extracts. Pakistan Journal of Science and Industrial research, 49(4), 269.
Sofowora A. (1993). Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa. Ibadan, Nigeria: Spectrum Books Ltd.P 112.
Evans WC. (2009). Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy. 16th Ed. London Saunders Elsevier Ltd, 137-144.
Shekhar TC and Anju G. (2014). Antioxidant activity by DPPH radical scavenging method of Ageratum conyzoides Linn. Leaves, American Journal of Ethnomedicine, 1(4), 244-249.
Oyaizu M. (1986) Evaluation of antioxidant activity of extract of natural origin. Journal of Nutrition, 44,107-112.
Kaur C and Kpoor HC. (2002). Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of some Asian vegetables. International Journal of food science and Technology, 37, 153-161.
Zhinshen J, Mengcheng T and Jianming W. (1999). The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chemistry, 64(4), 555-559.
Ngaïssona P, Nkounkou C, Namkona FA, Koane JN, Govollaly T, Syssa-magale JL and Ouamba JM. (2016). Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of the Polar Extracts Picralima nitida Stapf. (Apocynaceae). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 5(4), 198-204.
Badami S, Dongre SH and Suresh B. (2005). In vitro Antioxidant Properties of Solanum pseudocapsicum Leaf Extracts. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 37(4), 251-252.
Kabel AM. (2014). Free Radicals and Antioxidants: Role of Enzymes and Nutrition. World Journal of Nutrition and Health, 2(3), 35-38.
Maruthamuthu V and Kandasamy R. (2016). Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay InPlant Extract. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 11, 570-572.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-sa/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.