Isolation, characterisation and in vivo anti-malarial investigation of pulcherrimin A from Caesalpinia pulcherrima stem bark

Kennedy Ogbeide Osahon; Uankhehi Akhigbe Isaac; Akhadelor Unuigbe Charles; Erharuyi Osayemwenre; Oseghale Irene; Imieje  Vincent; Iheanacho Chidimma; Ikeke Kingsley; Ayeni  Bosede; Irabor Emmanuel; Bodunde Owolabi Joseph; Falodun Abiodun

doi:10.30574/gscbps.2020.12.2.0238

Authors

Kennedy Ogbeide Osahon Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Uankhehi Akhigbe Isaac Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Akhadelor Unuigbe Charles Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Erharuyi Osayemwenre Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Oseghale Irene Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Imieje Vincent Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Iheanacho Chidimma Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Ikeke Kingsley Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Edo State Polytechnic, Usen, Nigeria.
Ayeni Bosede Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Edo State Polytechnic, Usen, Nigeria.
Irabor Emmanuel Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Bodunde Owolabi Joseph Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
Falodun Abiodun Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2020.12.2.0238

Keywords:

Anti-malarial, P. berghei parasite, Pulcherrimin A, Caesalpinia pulcherrima

Abstract

Malaria is responsible for about a million deaths yearly. The fight against malaria is faced with the occurrence of widespread resistance of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium spp. The search for plant derived anti-malarial drugs has become greatly imperative. This study was aimed to isolate and investigate the In vivo anti-malarial activity of pulcherrimin A isolated from the stem bark of Caesalpinia pulcherrima. Ethyl acetate fraction of the stem bark extract was subjected to fractionation over silica gel column to obtain pure compound which was characterized as 3,5,6,7-tetrahydroxy-19-vouacanoic acid;(3β,5α,6β,7β)-form,6,7-dibenzoyl (pulcherrimin A) a known compound using various spectroscopic techniques. Pulcherrimin A was evaluated for In vivo anti-malarial activity against P. berghe infected mice using the 4-day suppressive test. Different doses (50, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day) of pulcherrimin A were administered to the mice after parasite inoculation. A maximum parasitaemia suppression of 68.18% was observed for the middle dose (200 mg/kg/day) in contrast with 40.91% for the highest dose (400 mg/kg/day). The study therefore revealed that pulcherrimin A isolated from the stem bark of C. pulcherrima exhibited moderate-dose significant (p<0.05) inhibition of P. berghei parasite, thus authenticating the local usage of different parts of the plants in the treatment of malaria and other pyrexia-related infections.

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