Chromosomal aberrations induced by cassava industrial effluent using Allium Cepa assay

Gbenga Olorunshola Alege; Chinenye Sylvia Anyoku; Comfort Kehinde Olubiyo; Gloria Taiye Olubiyo; Blessing Adejoh; Daniel Yomi Onemayin

doi:10.30574/gscbps.2020.13.3.0386

Authors

Gbenga Olorunshola Alege Department of Biotechnology, Federal University Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria.
Chinenye Sylvia Anyoku Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria.
Comfort Kehinde Olubiyo Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Kogi University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria.
Gloria Taiye Olubiyo Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Kogi University, Anyigba, Kogi State., Nigeria.
Blessing Adejoh Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria.
Daniel Yomi Onemayin Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Kogi University, Anyigba, Kogi State., Nigeria.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2020.13.3.0386

Keywords:

Heavy metal, Effluent, Aberration, Allium cepa, Mitodepressive

Abstract

This study assessed the heavy metal compositions and chromosome aberrations induced by cassava industrial effluent using Allium cepa meristem assay. Effluent collected at the point of discharge from the cassava processing factory located at Lokoja, Kogi State Nigeria was analyzed for quantity of Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Nickel Ni, Cobalt (Co) and Lead (Pb) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer method. Onion (Allium cepa) roots were allowed to grow in beakers containing different concentrations of cassava industrial effluent (i.e. 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) and the control for 24 hours. Harvesting of the tips for chromosome observations was carried out between 8:00 to 9:00am West Africa Time. Data pooled under X400 magnification of the light microscope for mitotic phases and chromosome aberrations were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) while means with significant difference across concentrations were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results revealed that only Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) concentrations in the effluent were higher than the minimum values recommended by World Health Organization. The effluent also produce binucleate cells, variant chromosomes, C-mitosis, vacuolated cells, tripolar anaphase and anaphase bridge which suggests the mutagenic and cytotoxic activities of the industrial effluent. The decrease in the Mitotic Indices (MI) of effluent-treated root cells compared to the control indicates mito-depressive ability of the effluent at every concentration. Regular monitoring of industries for compliance to treatment of effluent before releasing them into the environment is recommended

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Abu NE, Ezeugwe SC. Risk Evaluation of Industrial Wastewater on Plants Using Onion (Allium cepa) Chromosome Aberration Assay. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, Food, Environment and Extension. 2008; 7(3): 242-248.

Siyanbola TO, Ajanaku KO, James OO, Olugbuyiro JAO, Adekoya JO. Physico-chemical characteristics of industrial effluents in Lagos State, Nigeria. G. J. P & A Sc. and Tech. 2011; 1: 49-54.

Komolafe RJ, Ajiboye AA, Agbolade JO, Cornelius OO. Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Phytotoxic Potentials of “Chi Limited” Industrial Effluent on Allium Cepa and Vigna unguiculata. Cytology and Histology International Journal. 2018; 2(1): 1-9.

Olorunfemi DI, Ogieseri UM, Akinboro A. Genotoxicity Screening of Industrial Effluents Using Onions bulbs (Allium cepa L). Journal of Applied Science Management. 2011; 15(1): 211-216.

Aniyikaiye TO, Oluseyi T, Odiyo JO, Edokpayi JN. Physico-chemical analysis of wastewater discharge from selected paint industries in Lagos, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16: 1-17.

Ogunkeyede AO, Okorhi-Damisa FB, Tedjere E, Sheyi A. Identication and morphology of pathogens in liquid effluent from a Cow dung biodigester. Issues in Biological Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research. 2020; 8(3): 51-57.

Gautam S, Saini G. Use of natural coagulants for industrial wastewater treatment. Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management. 2020; 6(4): 553-578.

Naveedullah MZH, Chunna Y, Hui S, Dechao D, Chaofeng S, Liping L, Yingxu C. Concentrations and human health risk assessment of selected heavy metals in surface water of the siling reservoir watershed in Zhejiang Province, China. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2014; 23(3): 801-811.

Siddiqui S. DNA damage in Cicer plant grown on soil polluted with heavy metals. Journal of King Saud University – Science. 2015; 27: 217–223.

Agbasah W, Boohene M. Levels of mercury in some commonly consumed fish in Ghana and their potential health risk to consumers. Saudi Journal of Life Science. 2018; 3(3): 269-276.

Belmond BNE, Menbohan F, Josephine SN, Zakari MN, Rollinat MB, Jean D, Oumar OM, Carine T, Or MND, Serge MB. Chamberline N. Water quality assessment in a less anthropogenic forest stream in the Centre Region of Cameroon. Saudi Journal of Life Science. 2020; 5(1): 1-8.

Boohene M, Agbasah W. Levels of heavy metals in water, fish (Oreochromis niloticus) and sediment from the Afram River, Ghana. Saudi Journal of Life Science. 2020; 3(3): 259-268.

Iloms E, Ololade OO, Ogola HJO, Selvarajan R. Investigating industrial effluent impact on municipal wastewater treatment plant in Vaal, South Africa. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17:1-18.

World Health Organization. Guidelines for drinking-water quality 3rd Ed., Geneva: WHO Press. 2008.

Reza R, Singh G. Heavy metal contamination and its indexing approach for river water. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2010; 7(4): 785-792.

Ahmed S, Aktar S, Zaman S, Jahan RA, Bari ML. Use of natural bio-sorbent in removing dye, heavy metal and antibiotic-resistant bacteria from industrial wastewater. Applied Water Science. 2020; 10: 107-116.

Ogunyemi AK, Samuel TA, Amund OO, IIori MO. Toxicity and Evaluation of Waste Effluent from Cassava-Processing. Ife Journal of Science. 2017; 20(2): 305-315.

Osunde ZD, Fadeyibi A. Storage methods and some used of cassava in Nigeria. Continental Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2011; 5(2): 12-18.

Awoyale W, Abass AB, Ndavi M, Maziya-Dixon B, Sulyok M. Assessment of the potential industrial applications of commercial dried cassava prodicts in Nigeria. Food Measure. 2017; 11: 598-609.

Egurefa SO, Orji MU, Uba BO. Toxic effect of refinery industrial effluent using three toxicity bioassays. South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology. 2020; 6(2): 10-23.

Wijeyaratne WMDN, Wickramasinghe PGMU. Chromosomal Abnormalities in Allium cepa Induced by Treated Textile Effluents: Spatial and Temporal Variations. Journal of Toxicology. 2020; 20: 1-9.

Arimieari LW, Jaja GWT. Characteristics and control of effluents generated from industries in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. American Journal of Engineering Research. 2019; 8(2): 7-11.

Anjana S, John TE. Analysis of cytotoxic potential of the aqueous leaf extract of Pogostemon auricularius (L). Hassk using Allium cepa root tip assay, International Journal of Research and Development in Pharmacy and Life Sciences. 2013; 2(5): 562-566.

IIbas AI, Umut G, Semih Y, Mehmey YD. Cytotoxicity of Aloe vera exracts on Allium cepa root tip cells. Turkish Journal of Botany. 2012; 36: 263-268.

Alege GO, Egwuda RE. Cytotoxic effects of toner powder on Allium cepa root meristems. Proceedings of 38th annual conference of Genetics Society of Nigeria (GSN), Benin, Edo State. October 2014; 19-23.

Padmanabha B. The impact of industrial effluents on the cell division of Allium cepa. Indian Journal of Research. 2017; 6(11): 629 - 630.

Kumari V, Tripathi, AK. Characterization of pharmaceuticals industrial effluent using GC–MS and FT‑IR analyses and defining its toxicity. Applied Water Science. 2019; 9: 185-191.

Tiwari MK, Bajpai S, Dewangan UK, Tamrakar RK. Assessment of heavy metal concentrations in surface water sources in an industrial region of central India. Karbala International Journal of Modern Science. 2015; 1: 9 -14.

Akinyele BO. Meiotic Chromosome behavior and Sexual Sterility in two Nigerian species of Aloe. Linn. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2007; 6: 2585 - 2589.

Malode SN, Lande SR. Shelke PB. Cytotoxic effects of Mimosa pudica L. leaf extract on Allium cepa root tips cells. International Journal of Biosciences. 2012; 2(3): 104-108.

Abu NE, Mba KC. Mutagenecity testing of pharmaceutical effluents on Allium cepa root tip meristems. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Science. 2011; 3(2): 44-51.

Verma R, Dwived P. Heavy metal water pollution: A case study. Recent Research in Science and Technology. 2013; 5(5): 98-99.

Krishnaswamy K, Kumar BD. Lead toxicity. Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 1998; 35: 209-216.

Alege GO. Studies on Cytotoxicity Induced by Aqueous Extracts of Cola nitida (Kolanut) on Allium cepa (Onion). International Journal of Applied Biological Research. 2016; 7(2): 51 – 59.

Sudhakar R, Gowda KN, Venu G. Mitotic abnormalities induced by silk dyeing industry effluents in the cells of Allium cepa. Cytologia. 2001; 66: 235-239.

Samuel OB, Osuala F, Odeigah PGE. Cytogenotoxicity evaluation of two industrial effluents using Allium cepa assay. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2010; 4(1):21–27.

Jairajpuri M, Raval R, Patel K. Chromosomal aberrations in root meristems of Allium cepa L. induced by dyeing industrial effluent. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development. 2016; 3(6): 272-275.

Udebuani AC, Ofoma AO, Otitoju O, Abara PN, Ezejiofor TN, Chukwuma MC. Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Impacts of Pharmaceutical Effluent from KP Pharmaceutical Industry, Nigeria. American Chemical Science Journal. 2016; 16(2): 1-10.

Abu NE. Cytogenotoxicity effects of industrial effluents on Allium cepa root meristem: A review on positive results and problems of effective compliance to environmental legislations; the Nigeria perspective. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences. 2012; 4(10): 162-170.