Hypolipidemic effects of curcumin, cinnamon, vitamin C and simvastatin in domestic rabbits

Ayoub R. Aldalou

doi:10.30574/gscbps.2021.15.1.0103

Authors

Ayoub R. Aldalou Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Al-Aqsa University, Gaza, Palestine.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.15.1.0103

Keywords:

Curcumin, Cinnamon, Vitamin C, Simvastatin, Lipid profile, Rabbits

Abstract

This study investigated the hypolipidemic effects of curcumin, cinnamon, vitamin C and simvastatin in male rabbits. The hypolipidemic effect of these materials were assessed by following the effects on body weight, the lipid profile and liver enzymes. The lipid profile includes total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL). The liver activities enzymes include aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum. Highly significant increases in lipid profile parameters of rabbit group were found in rabbits fed with high lipid diet only over the respective values in the control group. Liver function profile showed a significant increase in this group as compared to those in the control group. The groups treated with curcumin, cinnamon, vitamin C and simvastatin showed a variable significant decrease in lipid profile in this order: cinnamon > vitamin C > simvastatin > curcumin and in liver functions profile in this order: curcumin > simvastatin > vitamin C > cinnamon. Groups treated with these materials showed significant body loss as compared to untreated rabbits in this order: cinnamon > curcumin > vitamin C > simvastatin.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Javed I, Rahman ZU, Khan MZ, Muhammad F, Aslam B, Iqbal Z, Sultan JI, Ahmad I. Antihyperlipidaemic efficacy of Trachyspermum ammi in albino rabbits. Acta. Vet. Brno. 2009; 78: 229-236.

Bays HE, Moore PB, Drehobl MA, Rosenblatt S, Toth PD, Dujovne CA, Knopp RH, Lipka LJ, LeBeaut AP,Yang B, Mellars LE, Cuffie-Jackson C, Veltri EP and Group ES. Effectiveness and tolerability of ezetimibe in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia: Pooled analysis of two phase IIstudies. Clin. Therapeut. 2001; 23: 1209-1230.

Anonymous. Uses of honey and cinnamon and its benefits. date assessed August 31, 2010.

Stein E. The lower the better: Reviewing the evidence for more aggressive cholesterol reduction andgoal attainment. Athero. Suppl. 2002; 2: 19-25.

Biswas SK, McClure D, Jimenez LA, et al. Curcumin induces glutathione biosynthesis and inhibits NFkappaB activation and interleukin-8 release in alveolar epithelial cells: mechanism of free radical scavenging activity. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2005; 7: 32–41.

Kapakos G, Youreva V, Srivastava AK. Cardiovascular protection by curcumin: molecular aspects. Indian J Biochem Biophys. 2012; 49(5): 306-15.

Nasiripour S, Gholami Kh, Mousavi S, Mohagheghi A, Radfar M, Abdollahi M, Khazaeipour Z, Mojtahedzadeh M. Comparison of the effects of enoxaparin and heparin on inflammatory biomarkers in patients with st-segment elevated myocardial infarction: a prospective open label pilot clinical trial. Iran. J. Pharm. Res. 2014; 13: 583-590.

Willis JK. A dictionary of the flowering plants and ferns, 8th ed., Cambridge; Cambridge University Press. 1973.

Rao PV, Gan SH. Cinnamon: a multifaceted medicinal plant. Evid. Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014; 642-942.

Khan A, Safdar M, Ali Khan MM, Khattak KN, Anderson RA. Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004; 26: 3215–3218.

Amin KA, Abd EL-Twab TM. Oxidative markers, nitric oxide and homocysteine alteration in hypercholesterolemic rats: role of atorvastatin and cinnamon. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2009; 2(3): 254-265.

Anderson RA, Broadhurst CL, Polansky MM, Schmidt WF, Khan A, Flanagan VP et al. Isolation and characterization of polyphenol type-A polymers from cinnamon with insulin like biological activity. J. Agri. Food Chem. 2004; 52(1): 65-70.

Ting HH, Timimi FK, Boles KS, Creager SHJ, Gans P, Creager MA. Vitamin C improves endothelium dependent vasodilation in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. J. Clin. Invest. 1996; 97: 22-8.

Simom JA. Vitamin C and cardiovascular disease: a review. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 1992; 11: 107-25.

Ness AR, Khaw KT, Bingham S, Day NE. Vitamin C status and serum lipids. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 1996; 50: 724-9.

Chen MS, Hutchinson ML, Pecoraro RE, Lee WY, Labbe RF. Hyperglycemic-induced intracellular depletion of ascorbic acid content in adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus consuming adequate dietary vitamin C. Metabolism 1991; 40: 146-9.

Dyer RG, Stewart MW, Metcheson J, George K, Alberti MM, Laker MF, et al. Ketocholesterol, a specific indicator of lipoprotein oxidation and malondialdehyde in non-insulin dependent diabetes and peripheral vascular disease. Clin. Chim. Acta. 1997; 260 : 1-13.

Evans M, Anderson RA, Smith JC, Khan N, Graham JM, Thomas AW, et al. Effects of insulin lispro and chronic vitamin C therapy on postprandial lipaemia, oxidative stress and endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 2003; 33: 231-8.

McRae MP. Vitamin C supplementation for treating hypercholesterolemia: a meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials. J. Am. Nutraceut. Ass. 2007; 10(2): 21-8.

Kiliç N. The effect of ascorbic acid on liver and plasma cholesterol levels of male rats. Journal of Islamic Academy of Sciences. 1993; 6(4): 249-252.

Matthew J and Sorrentino A. Drug Therapy for Dyslipidemia. Hyperlipidemia in Primary Care. Current Clinical Practice. 2011; 121-13.

Andrews TC, Ballantyne CM, Hsia JA, Kramer JH. Achieving and maintaining National Cholesterol Education Program low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals with five statins. Am. J. Med. 2001; 111: 185–91.

Ijaz Javed, Imran Faisal, Zia-Ur-Rahman, Muhammad Zargham Khan, Faqir Muhammad, Bilal Aslam , Mahmood Ahmad and Andleeb Shahzadi. Lipid lowering effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum in hyperlipidaemic albino rabbits. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 2012; 25(1): 141-147.

Milton Prabu S, Shagirtha K, Renugadevi J. Quercetin in combination with vitamins (C and E) improve oxidative stress and hepatic injury in cadmium intoxicated rats. Biomed Prevent Nutrit. 2011; 1: 1–7.

FM Kandemir, F Benzer, NC Yildirim, N Ozdemir. Compensatory effects of curcumin on cisplatin-induced toxicity in rabbit testis. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2011; 5(3): 456-461.

Naovarat T, Thongbai J, Chinnawat T, Watcharaporn D, Ayutthaya Na. Protective Effects of Curcumin, Vitamin C, or their Combination on Cadmium-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy. 2012; 003(002).

Saleh SA, Algharabawy SG, Hablas MGh. Comparative histological and immuno-histochemical study on the effect of curcumin and atorvastatin in induced atherosclerosis in aorta and cardiac muscle of male rabbits. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine. 2019; 76 (2): 3500-3515.

Reitman S, Frankel S.Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1957; 28: 57–63.

Beynen AC, Lemmens AG, Katan MB et al: Cholesterol metabolism and esterase in four strains of rats with different cholesterolemic responses to a high-cholesterol, high-cholate diet. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. 1987; 87(1): 41–48.

Yasni S, Imaizumi K, Nakamura M et al. Effects of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb and curcuminoids on the level of serum and liver lipids, serum apolipoprotein A-I and lipogenic enzymes in rabbits. Food Chem. Toxicol. 1993; 31(3): 213–18.

Ramirez-Tortosa, MC, et.al. Oral administration of a turmeric extract inhibits LDL oxidation and has hypocholesterolemic effects in rabbit’s experimental atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 1999; 147: 371-378.

Srinivasan K, Sambaiah K. The effect of spices on cholesterol 7 alphahydroxylase activity and on serum and hepatic cholesterol levels in the rat. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 1991; 61(4): 364–69.

Park EJ, Jeon CH, Ko G et al. Protective effect of curcumin in rat liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2000; 52(4): 437-40.

Akrishnan VR, Menon VP. Potential role of antioxidants during ethanol-induced changes in the fatty acid composition and arachidonic acid metabolites in male Wistar rats. Cell Biol. Toxicol. 2001; 17(1): 11–22.

Földešiová M, BalážI A, Chrastinová, Ľ, Chrenek, P. The effect of curcumalonga dried powder in the diet on weight gain of rabbit does. Slovak J. Anim. Sci. 2015 ;48: 43–48.

Basavaraj M, Nagabhushana V, Prakash N, Mallikarjunappa S, Appannavar MM, Prashanth W. Effect of dietary supplementation of pelvis curcuma longa on the voluntary feed intake, nutrient digestibility and growth performance of broiler rabbits under summer stress. Vet. World. 2010; 3: 369–372.

Kelb K, Schmitt, B, Wolters M, Mang B. Effects of cinnamon extract on plasma glucose, Hb aic and serum lipids in diabetes mellitus type. Eur.J.Clin.Invest. 2006; 36(5): 340-344.

Khan A, Safdar M, khan, MMA. Effect of various doses of cinnamon on lipid profile in diabetic individuals. J. of Nutr. 2003; 2(5): 312-319.

Lichtinghagen R, Stichteoth DO, Hahn A. Effect of a cinnamon extract on plasma glucose and serum lipids in diabetes mellitus type 2. European Journal of Clinical investigation. 2006; 36(5): 350-355.

Dugoua JJ, Ridout R, Koren G, Einarson T. The antidiabetic and cholesterol-lowering effects of cinnamon and caissa bark. University Health Network, Toronto. 2007; 1-4.

Alsoodeeri FN, Alqabbani HM, Aldossari NM. Effects of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) Consumption on Serum Lipid Profiles. Journal of Lipids. 2020; Article ID 8469830, 7.

Owu DU, Antia AB, Udofia KH, Obembe AO, Obasi KO, Eteng MU. Vitamin C improves basal metabolic rate and lipid profile in alloxan induced diabetes mellitus in rats. J. Bio. Sci. 2006; 31(5): 575-579.

Young F, Nielson SE, Haralds bottir J. The effect of fruit juice intake on urinary quercetin excretion and biomarkes of antioxidant status. Am.J. Clin. Nutri. 1999; 69: 87-94.

Criqui MH, Golomb BA. : Epidemiologic aspects of lipid abnormalities. Am. J. med. 1998; 105(1A): 482-572.

Hajjar DP, Harberland ME. Lipoprotein trafficking in vascular cell. J.Biol. Chem. 1997; 272: 22975-22978.

Mamo JGL, Szto L, Steiner G. Clycation of very lowdensity lipoprotein from rat plasma impairs its catabolism. Diabetologia. 1999; 33: 339.

Sallam SM, Nasser ME, Yousef MS, Elmorsy AM, Mahmoud SA, Yousef MI. Influence of aluminum chloride and ascorbic acid on performance, digestibilit, caecal microbial activity and biochemical parameters of rabbits. Res. J. Agric. and Biological Sci. 2005; 1(1): 10- 16.

Shatwan IA, Ahmed LA, Badkook MM. Effect of barley flour, crude cinnamon, and their combination on glycemia, dyslipidemia, and adipose tissue hormones in type 2 diabetic rats. J. Med. Food. 2013; 16: 656-62.

Roussel AM, Hininger I, Benaraba R, Ziegenfuss TN, Anderson RA. Antioxidant effects of a cinnamon extract in people with impaired fasting glucose that are overweight or obese. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 2009; 28: 16-21.

Sayed-Ahmed IE, Abd El-Monem UM, Al-Sagheer AA, Khalil BA. Effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on performance of growing rabbits under egyptian conditions. Zagazig J. Agric. Res. 2018; 45(1).

Yousef MI, Salem MH, Kamel KI, at al. Influence of ascorbic acid supplementation on the haematological and clinical biochemistry parameters of male rabbits exposed to aflatoxin B1. J. Environ. Sci. Health B. 2003; 38(2): 193–209.

Lutgens E, Daemen MJAP: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: lipid lowering and beyond. Drugs Discovery Today: Therapeutic Strategies. 2004; 1: 189-194.

Al-Zuhair H, Abd el-Fattah AA, Sdd el Latif HÁ. Efficacy of simvastatin and punpkin-seed oil in the manegement of dietaryinduced hypercholesterolemia. Pharmacol. Res. 1997; 35: 403-408.

Sparow CP, Burton CA, Hernandez M, Mundt S, Hassing H, Patel S, Rosa R, Hermanowski-Vosatka A, Wang P-R, Zhang D, Peterson L, Detmers PA, Chao Y-S, Wright SD. Simvastatin has anti-inflammatory and antiatheosclerotic activities independent of plasma cholesterol lowering. Arterioscl. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2001; 21: 115-121.

Verd JC, Peris C, Alegret M, Díaz C, Hernandez G, Vásquez M, Adzet T, Laguna JC, Sánchez RM. Different effect of simvastatin and atorvastatin on key enzymes involved in VLDL syntesis and catabolism in hight fat/cholesterol fed rabbits. British J. Pharmacol. 1999; 127: 1479-1485.

Bolkent S, Yanardag R, Bolkent S, Doger MM. Beneficial effects of combined treatment with niacin and chromium on the liver of hyper-lipemic rats. Biological Trace Element Research. 2004; 01: 219–230.

Sheng X, Zhang Y, Gong Z, Huang C, Zang YQ. Improved Insulin Resistance and Lipid Metabolism by Cinnamon Extract through Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors. PPAR Research. 2008; 581348.

Cavallini DC, Bedani R, Bomdespacho LQ, Vendramini RC, Rossi EA. Effects of probiotic bacteria, isoflavones and simvastatin on lipid profile and atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits: a randomized double-blind study. Lipids in Health and Disease. 2009; 8(1).

Baskaran G, Salvamani S, Azlan A, Ahmad SA, Yeap SK, Shukor MY. Hypocholesterolemic and Antiatherosclerotic Potential of Basella alba Leaf Extract in Hypercholesterolemia-Induced Rabbits. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine . 2015; Art.751714, 7.