Surveillance utilizes multi-omics in cardiovascular disease: Diet and its potentiality in Preventive index
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.17.3.0323Keywords:
Cardiovascular disease, Diet, Molecular target, Metabolomics, Nutrigenomics, Molecular imaging, RadiomicsAbstract
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is characterized by multidimensional risks including drug, diet, lifestyle, stress, and metabolomics diseases which cause mortality and morbidity depending on age and status of chronic diseases. However, emerging evidence indicated it is preventable health complications that depend on risk management along with lifestyle change, and personalized medication that include alternative measures like Diet use following molecular diagnostic and imaging analysis. CVD is mainly attributed to the narrowing of blood vessels through atherosclerotic lesions and/or thrombosis. Hypertension, obesity, and hyperlipidemia are major risk factors for the development of CVD and treating these diseases is essential in slowing down progression of CVD. Inflammation appears to play a pivotal role in CVD and can be measured through a simple blood assay (CRP). Multi-omics approaches have been essential in the development of treatments for CVD, in the prevention of CVD, and in the diagnosis of CVD. There are many outcomes available to help with diagnosing CVD and omics platforms have helped scientists and clinician develop these diagnostic tools. Radiomics has played a key part in the diagnosis of CVD as being able to view the diseased heart is essential in determining CVD progression and the treatment options suitable for that secondary disease related. Nutrigenomics is emerging as the future of medicine such as utilizing treatment strategy innovation instead of medications, but it is still in its infancy. Nutrigenomics will open the doors to different therapeutic drug targets and allow us the ability to be more specific in our treatment options. There are only a few gene-diet interactions documented that increase a person’s chances of developing CVD. Curating an individual diet and treatment plan based on somebody’s genetic disposition or skewed immune responses following personalized diagnosis will be essential in the survival of these severe CVD patients. Key issues referring to risk surveillance and prevention is a distant approach which reflects several factors: for example, what type of tools can be used to conduct diagnosis, molecular diagnostic tools detect what type of biomarkers are present prior to prescribing the personalized diet and to ensure diagnostic accuracy. Recently, increasing findings emphasize dual aspects of diet such as immune enhancers and modulators in which gut microbiota has been proven to play a major factor in development of CVD. The future direction of omics studies will foster the ability to test the impact of gut microbiome of a patient with CVD following diet driven organ protection as well as prescribe essential components of the diet that can be adjusted with proper probiotic medication. Proper diet adjustments can correct the organ dysfunction that occurred due to interaction between molecular mismatch and cellular damage following stress-mediated damage or chronic disease. Further micro-scale assays and molecular diagnostic techniques following nutrigenomics application to the patient could be beneficial to allow patient’ care shift from physician driven and clinic based to self-management with knowledge based at home treatment programs that work by envisioning molecular reprogramming and rejuvenation of damaged organ. These at home treatments can be utilized with development of radiological data with innovation of software. The aim of the short review is to visualize the current role of nutrigenomics and diet formulation for integrative care (e.g., diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CVD) which would take advantage of earlier prevention synchronized with current medical tests, imaging techniques. Health economy like management can reduce medical cost with disease prevention disease and could modulate the following: enhance knowledge-based interaction between body and diet, discuss cognitive enhancement how sensing with molecular behavior under image-management platform, monitor drug surveillance of current treatment options in CVD and the pitfalls of current omics application and data transformation needs for patient care in the future.
Metrics
References
Doran S, Arif M, Lam S, Bayraktar A, Turkez H, Uhlen M, Boren J, Mardinoglu A. Multi-omics approaches for revealing the complexity of cardiovascular disease. Briefings in Bioinformatics. 2021; 1–19.
Nabel EG. Cardiovascular Disease. New England Journal of Medicine. 2003; 349(1): 60–72.
Pannu J, Poole S, Shah N, Shah NH. Assessing Screening Guidelines for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors using Routinely Collected Data. Scientific Reports. 2017; 7(1).
Burke LE, Dunbar-Jacob JM, Hill MN. Compliance with cardiovascular disease prevention strategies: A review of the research. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 1997; 19(3): 239–263.
Senn T, Hazen SL, Wilson Tang WH. Translating Metabolomics to Cardiovascular Biomarkers. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2012; 55(1): 70–76.
Albert MA, Durazo EM, Slopen N, Zaslavsky AM, Buring JE, Silva T, Chasman D, Williams DR. Cumulative psychological stress and cardiovascular disease risk in middle aged and older women: Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics. Am Heart J. 2017; 192: 1-12.
Senoner T, Dichtl W. Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases: Still a Therapeutic Target? Nutrients. 2019; 11(9): 2090.
Ndrepepa G. Myeloperoxidase - A bridge linking inflammation and oxidative stress with cardiovascular disease. Clin Chim Acta. 2019; 493: 36-51.
D'Onofrio N, Servillo L, Balestrieri ML. SIRT1 and SIRT6 Signaling Pathways in Cardiovascular Disease Protection. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2018; 28(8): 711-732.
Naghipour S, Cox AJ, Peart JN, Du Toit EF, Headrick JP. Trimethylamine N-oxide: heart of the microbiota-CVD nexus? Nutr Res Rev. 2021; 34(1): 125-146.
Ormazabal V, Nair S, Elfeky O, Aguayo C, Salomon C, Zuñiga FA. Association between insulin resistance and the development of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2018; 17(1): 122.
Wallace ML, Ricco JA, Barrett B. Screening Strategies for Cardiovascular Disease in Asymptomatic Adults. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice. 2014; 41(2): 371–397.
Moore KJ, Koplev S, Fisher EA, Tabas I, Björkegren JLM, Doran AC, Kovacic JC. Macrophage Trafficking, Inflammatory Resolution, and Genomics in Atherosclerosis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2018; 72(18): 2181–2197.
Libby P. Inflammation in Atherosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2012; 32(9): 2045–2051.
Libby P, Loscalzo J, Ridker PM, Farkouh ME, Hsue PY, Fuster V, Hasan AA, Amar S. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2018; 72(17): 2071-2081.
Wald DS. Homocysteine and cardiovascular disease: evidence on causality from a meta-analysis. BMJ. 2002; 325(7374): 1202–1206.
Janeiro MH, Ramírez MJ, Milagro FI, Alfredo Martínez J, Solas M. Implication of Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) in Disease: Potential Biomarker or New Therapeutic Target. Nutrients. 2018; 10: 1398.
Klykov CM, Lentz SR. Trends in clinical laboratory homocysteine testing from 1997 to 2010: the impact of evidence on clinical practice at a single institution. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. 2013; 51(3).
Karlsson FH, Fak F, Nookaew I, Tremaroli V, Fagerberg B, Petranovic D, Bäckhed F, Nielsen J. Symptomatic atherosclerosis is associated with an altered gut metagenome. Nat. Commun. 2012; 3: 1245.
Selhub J, Jacques PF, Bostomb AG, D’Agostino RB, Wilson PWF, Belanger AJ, O’Leary DH, Wolf PA, Schaefer EJ, Rosenberg IH. Association between Plasma homocysteine concentrations and extracranial. Carotid-Artery Stenosis. NEJM. 1995; 332(5): 286-291.
Osborn EA, Jaffer FA. The Advancing Clinical Impact of Molecular Imaging in CVD. JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging. 2013; 6(12): 1327–1341.
Lakshmi GBVS, Yadav AK, Mehlawat N, Jalandra R, Solanki PR, Kumar A. Gut microbiota derived trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) detection through molecularly imprinted polymer based sensor. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 1338.
Edwards AVG, White MY, Cordwell SJ. The Role of Proteomics in Clinical Cardiovascular Biomarker Discovery. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. 2008; 7(10): 1824–1837.
Corella D, Ordovas JM. Nutrigenomics in Cardiovascular Medicine. Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics. 2009; 2(6): 637–651.
Srour B, Fezeu LK, Kesse-Guyot E, Allès B, Méjean C, Andrianasolo RM, Chazelas E, Deschasaux M, Hercberg S, Galan P, Monteiro CA, Julia C, Touvier M. Ultra-processed food intake and risk of cardiovascular disease: prospective cohort study (NutriNet-Santé). BMJ. 2019; l1451.
Vanden Heuvel JP. Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics of ω3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science. 2012; 75–112.
Coltell O, Sorlí JV, Asensio EM, Barragán R, González JI, Giménez-Alba IM, Zanón-Moreno V, Estruch R, Ramírez-Sabio JB, Pascual EC, Ortega-Azorín C, Ordovas JM, Corella D. Genome-Wide Association Study for Serum Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Exploratory Analysis of the Sex-Specific Effects and Dietary Modulation in Mediterranean Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients. 2020; 12(2): 310.
Ahmadmehrabi S, Tang WHW. Gut microbiome and its role in cardiovascular diseases. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2017; 32(6): 761-766.
Mukherjee KD, Chakraborty SS, Roy RR, Pandey A, Patra S, Dey S. The emerging role of gut microbiota in cardiovascular diseases. Indian Heart J. 2021; 73(3): 264–272.
Velasquez MT, Centron P, Barrows I, Dwivedi R, Raj DS. Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Uremic Toxicities. Toxins (Basel). 2018; 10(7): 287.
Novakovic M, Rout A, Kingsley T, Kirchoff R, Singh A, Verma V, Kant R, Chaudhary R. Role of gut microbiota in cardiovascular diseases. World J Cardiol. 2020; 12(4): 110–122.
Singh V, Yeoh BS, Vijay-Kumar M. Gut microbiome as a novel cardiovascular therapeutic target. Current Opinion in Pharmacology. 2016; 27: 8–12.
Hayashi T, Arimura T, Itoh-Satoh M, Ueda K, Hohda S, Inagaki N, Takahashi M, Hisae Hori H, Yasunami M, Nishi H, Koga Y, Nakamura H, Matsuzaki M, Choi BY, Bae SW, You CW, Han KH, Park JE, Knöll R, Hoshijima M, Chien KR, Kimura A. Tcap gene mutations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004; 44(11): 2192-201.
Woulfe KC, Siomos AK, Nguyen H, SooHoo M, Galambo C, Stauffer BL, Sucharov C, Miyamoto S. Fibrosis and fibrotic gene expression in pediatric and adult patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy J Card Fail. 2017; 23(4): 314–324.
Ginty AT, Kraynak TE, Fisher JP, Gianaros PJ. Cardiovascular and autonomic reactivity to psychological stress: Neurophysiological substrates and links to cardiovascular disease. Auton Neurosci. 2017; 207: 2-9.
Klinder A, Shen Q, Heppel S, Lovegrove JA, Rowland I, Tuohy KM. Impact of increasing fruit and vegetables and flavonoid intake on the human gut microbiota. Food Funct. 2016; 7(4): 1788-96.
Trautwein EA, McKay S. The Role of Specific Components of a Plant-Based Diet in Management of Dyslipidemia and the Impact on Cardiovascular Risk. Nutrients. 2020; 12(9): 2671.
Sikand G, Kris-Etherton P, Boulos NM. Impact of functional foods on prevention of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2015; 17(6): 39.
Zhubi-Bakija F, Bajraktari G, Bytyçi I, Mikhailidis DP, Henein MY, Latkovskis G, Rexhaj Z, Zhubi E, Banach M; International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP). the impact of type of dietary protein, animal versus vegetable, in modifying cardiometabolic risk factors: A position paper from the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP). Clin Nutr. 2021; 40(1): 255-276.
Clifton P. Metabolic Syndrome-Role of Dietary Fat Type and Quantity. Nutrients. 2019; 11(7): 1438.
Kalea AZ, Drosatos K, Buxton JL. Nutriepigenetics and cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2018; 21(4): 252-259.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.