Genotoxic and histopathological alterations in rats exposed to herbal liquors

Eniola Olatundun  Bolawa; Busayo Mariam  Adeogun; Rose Anthonia  Alani

doi:10.30574/gscbps.2021.17.3.0353

Authors

Eniola Olatundun Bolawa Biochemistry Department, University of Lagos, College of Medicine, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria.
Busayo Mariam Adeogun Biochemistry Department, University of Lagos, College of Medicine, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria.
Rose Anthonia Alani Chemistry Department, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos State, Nigeria.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.17.3.0353

Keywords:

Genotoxicity, Histopathology, Herbal Liqours, Heart tissue, Kidney tissue, Herbal Medicinal Drinks

Abstract

The increase in consumption of herbal liquors in Nigeria is a cause for alarm. These are consumed with the mis-conception that they are without toxic effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the genotoxic and histopathological alterations in rats exposed to herbal liquors. Female rats were exposed to herbal liquors for 6 weeks. The histopathological and genotoxic evaluation were done to assess extent of damage. Pathological examination revealed incidences of aggregates chronic inflammatory cell infiltrates in the heart of Jedi treated group while the heart of the other groups had no abnormalities. The histologic sections of the kidney tissue revealed congested vessels while the lung showed reduction in air filled alveolar spaces with infiltration of alveoli and interstitium by aggregates of inflammatory cells indnadicating moderate to severe pulmonary inflammation. Histologic sections of lung tissue in rats treated with herbal liquors reveals congestion of pulmonary vessels and interstitial hemorrhages. Genotoxic evaluation of rat lymphocytes exposed to herbal liquors via comet assay shows that rats administered with the different herbal liquors developed significant (p < 0.05) as revealed in the % DNA in tail, % DNA in head, olive moment, tail length and tail moment which indicates the presence of DNA strand breaks and a marker for oxidative DNA damage. This result reveals that herbal liquors contain substances that produce reactive oxygen species that have pathological effect on certain organs as well as inducing DNA strand breaks that could compromise the integrity of the DNA which can lead to mutation.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Ekor M, Adeyemi OS, Otuechere CA. Management of anxiety and sleep disorders: role of complementary and alternative medicine and challenges of integration with conventional orthodox care. Chinese journal of integrative medicine. 2013; 19(1): 5-14.

Adeyemi O, Owoseni M. Polyphenolic content and biochemical evaluation of fijk, alomo, osomo and oroki herbal mixtures in vitro. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 2015; 4(3): 200-206.

Nili-Ahmadabadi A, Tavakoli F, Hasanzadeh G, Rahimi H, Sabzevari O. Protective effect of pretreatment with thymoquinone against Aflatoxin B1 induced liver toxicity in mice. Daru: journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 2011; 19(4): 282.

Kashaw V, Nema AK, Agarwal A. Hepatoprotective prospective of herbal drugs and their vesicular carriers-a review. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences. 2011; 2(2): 360-374.

Oyewo EB. Sub-chronic Administration of Febi Super Bitters Triggered Inﬂammatory Responses in Male Wistar Rats. Journal of Medical Sciences. 2013; 13(8): 692-699.

Ekor M, Osonuga O, Odewabi A, Bakre A, Oritogun K. Toxicity evaluation of Yoyo ‘cleanser’bitters and fields Swedish bitters herbal preparations following sub-chronic administration in rats. American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 2010; 5(4): 159-166.

Ogbonnia S, Mbaka G, Igbokwe N, Anyika E, Alli P, Nwakakwa N. Antimicrobial evaluation, acute and subchronic toxicity studies of Leone Bitters, a Nigerian polyherbal formulation, in rodents. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America. 2010; 1(3): 366-376.

Oshodi O, Aina O. Paraga. Masked Alcohol’) use and the associated socio-cultural factors among the Yoruba of south west Nigeria: a case study of secondary school students in Lagos. Quarterly Journal of Mental Health. 2007; 1(1).

Cosyns JP, Jadoul M, Squifflet JP, Wese FX, de Strihou CvY. Urothelial lesions in Chinese-herb nephropathy. American journal of kidney diseases. 1999; 33(6): 1011-1017.

Nandhakumar S, Parasuraman S, Shanmugam MM, Chand P, Bhat BV. Evaluation of DNA damage using single-cell gel electrophoresis (Comet Assay). Journal of pharmacology and pharmacotherapy. 2011; 2: 107-11.

Wu D and Cederbaum AI. Alcohol, oxidative stress, and free radical damage. Alcohol Research & Health. 2003 27(4): 277.

Urbano-Marquez A, Estruch R, Navarro-Lopez F, Grau JM, Mont L, Rubin E. The effects of alcoholism on skeletal and cardiac muscle. New England Journal of Medicine. 1989; 320(7): 409-415.

Corrao G, Bagnardi V, Zambon A, La Vecchia C. A meta-analysis of alcohol consumption and the risk of 15 diseases. Preventive medicine. 2004; 38(5): 613-619.

Heaton MB, Paiva M, Mayer J, Miller R. Ethanol-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species in developing rat cerebellum. Neuroscience letters. 2002; 334(2): 83-86.

Mocan T, Agoston-Coldea L, Rusu L, Pais R, Gatfosse M, Mocan L, Rusu M. The correlation between alcohol consumption, lipids, apolipoproteins and coronary heart disease. Romanian journal of internal medicine. 2008; 46(4): 2323.

George A, Figueredo VM. Alcohol and arrhythmias: a comprehensive review. Journal of cardiovascular medicine. 2010; 11(4): 221-228.

Quertemont E, Didone V. Role of acetaldehyde in mediating the pharmacological and behavioral effects of alcohol. Alcohol Research & Health. 2006; 29(4): 258–265.

Sato Y, Fujiwara H, Takatsu Y. Biochemical markers in heart failure. Journal of cardiology. 2012; 59(1): 1-7.

Édes I, Tószegi A, Csanady M, Bozóky B. Myocardial lipid peroxidation in rats after chronic alcohol ingestion and the effects of different antioxidants. Cardiovascular research. 1986; 20(7): 542-548.

McDonough KH. Antioxidant nutrients and alcohol. Toxicology. 2003; 189(1-2): 89-97.

Reinke L, Lai E, DuBose C, McCay P. Reactive free radical generation in vivo in heart and liver of ethanol-fed rats: correlation with radical formation in vitro. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1987; 84(24): 9223-9227.

McCord JM. Free radicals and heart disease Nutritional impact of food processing. 1989; 43: 327-337.

Rajbanshi SL, Pandanaboina CS. Alcohol stress on cardiac tissue–Ameliorative effects of Thespesia populnea leaf extract. Journal of cardiology. 2014; 63(6): 449-459.

Adeyemi O, Akinwande O. Rat Plasma Metabolites and Renal Morphology Following Oral Exposure to a Polyherbal Mixture. Research Journal of Medicinal Plant. 2015; 9(1): 34-41.

Dawodu O, Ebuehi O, Odesanmi O, Olalekan M. Determination of Biochemical and Histological Parameters of Alcohol Administration in Wistar Rats. Annual Research & Review in Biology. 2019; 1-8.

Kasolo JN, Bimenya GS, Ojok L, Ogwal-Okeng JW. Sub-acute toxicity evaluation of Moringa oleifera leaves aqueous and ethanol extracts in Swiss Albino rats. International Journal of Medicinal Plant Research. 2012; 1(6): 075-081.

Kershaw CD and Guidot DM. Alcoholic lung disease. Alcohol Res Health. 2008;31(1): 66-75

Jones A. Measuring and reporting the concentration of acetaldehyde in human breath. Alcohol and alcoholism. 1995; 30(3): 271-285.

Qin G, Meng Z. The expressions of protooncogenes and CYP1A in lungs of rats exposed to sulfur dioxide and benzo (a) pyrene. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 2006; 45(1): 36-43.

Lieber CS. Alcoholic fatty liver: its pathogenesis and mechanism of progression to inflammation and fibrosis. Alcohol. 2004; 34(1): 9-19.

Schumacher B, Hoeijmakers JH, Garinis GA. Sealing the gap between nuclear DNA damage and longevity. Molecular and cellular endocrinology. 2009; 299(1): 112-117.

Brooks PJ, Theruvathu JA. DNA adducts from acetaldehyde: implications for alcohol-related carcinogenesis. Alcohol. 2005; 35(3): 187-193.

Mechilli M, Schinoppi A, Kobos K, Natarajan AT, Palitti F. DNA repair deficiency and acetaldehyde-induced chromosomal alterations in CHO cells. Mutagenesis. 2008; 23(1): 51-56.

Saravanan R, Pugalendi K. Assessment of the pharmacological effect of silymarin on ethanol-induced DNA damage by single-cell gel electrophoresis. Indian journal of pharmacology. 2005; 37(4): 261.

Mutlu-Türkoğlu Ü, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S, Aykaç-Toker G, Mirsal H, Beyazyürek M, Uysal M. Increased lipid and protein oxidation and DNA damage in patients with chronic alcoholism. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. 2000; 136(4): 287-291.