Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Psidium guajava L. leaf extracts

Kenneth Ekeleme; Paul Tsaku; Istifanus Nkene; Uba Ufomadu; Rejoice Abimiku; Victor Oti; Mohammed Sidi

doi:10.30574/gscbps.2017.1.2.0024

Authors

Kenneth Ekeleme Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, PMB 1022, Keffi, Nigeria
Paul Tsaku Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, PMB 1022, Keffi, Nigeria
Istifanus Nkene Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, PMB 1022, Keffi, Nigeria
Uba Ufomadu Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, PMB 1022, Keffi, Nigeria
Rejoice Abimiku Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, PMB 1022, Keffi, Nigeria
Victor Oti Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, PMB 1022, Keffi, Nigeria
Mohammed Sidi Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, PMB 1022, Keffi, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2017.1.2.0024

Keywords:

Psidium guajava, Plant extracts, Phytochemical, Antibacterial activity

Abstract

The increasing menace of antimicrobial resistance in many pathogenic microbes has led to the search for long lasting remedy. The aim of this study was to examine the phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of extracts of Psidium guajava leaves against some clinical bacterial isolates. The plant leaves were extracted in three solvents namely; water, ethanol and methanol. The pathogenic bacterial isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae all isolated from urine samples. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides and terpenoids in different proportions. The mean antibacterial activity of the extracts in vitro showed that the ethanolic extract was most efficacious at 25 mg concentration, inhibiting P. aeruginosa (9.50 mm), E. coli (9.00 mm), S. pneumoniae (10.50 mm) and K. pneumoniae (9.50 mm). The aqueous extract at 100 mg concentration inhibited E. coli (12.50 mm), S. aureus (14.50 mm) and S. pneumoniae (9.00 mm). This study has revealed that the leaves extract of P. guajava contains antibacterial and phytochemical substances which can be harnessed in satiation of human quest for better and healthier living.

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