Phytochemical screening, in vitro antibacterial and partial TLC purification of different solvents extracts of Ocimum basilicum L

Abubakar Sani Yelwa; Cyril Ogbiko; Yahaya Yakubu; Hassan Usman; Sherifat Ibrahim Lawal

doi:10.30574/gscbps.2018.5.2.0127

Authors

Abubakar Sani Yelwa Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria.
Cyril Ogbiko Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria.
Yahaya Yakubu Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology Aliero, Kebbi State Nigeria.
Hassan Usman Department of Chemistry, College of Preliminary Studies, Yelwa – Yauri, Kebbi State Nigeria.
Sherifat Ibrahim Lawal Department of Chemistry, College of Preliminary Studies, Yelwa – Yauri, Kebbi State Nigeria.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2018.5.2.0127

Keywords:

Ocimum basilicum, Phytochemical, Antimicrobial activity, TLC

Abstract

Ocimum basilicum L is commonly used in Nigeria folk medicine for healing various diseases. In a continuous bid to explore new biocompatible antimicrobial agents with the least associated side effects, different solvents extract of O. basilicum were challenged with common pathogenic microorganisms at varying concentrations. The phytochemical screening, antimicrobial activity and the partial TLC purification of the different solvents extract were performed using standard procedures. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various pharmaceutically active secondary metabolites like phenolic, flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, tannins among others. Using the zone of inhibition as inhibitory parameter, the crude aqueous extract exhibited the best antibacterial activity among all the other solvent extracts but was lower than the standard drug ciprofloxacin which exhibited a near 100% activity for all microorganism screened. In conclusion, the plant leaves possesses various potentially active secondary metabolites which would help in developing pharmaceuticals especially antimicrobial drugs.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Jain RA, Agarwal RC, Pandey A. and Jain R. (2011). Evaluation of Argemone mexicana fruits extract using micronucleus assay in mouse bone marrow cells. Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Research, 1(2), 22‐24.

Agarwal A, Bora D, Agarwal C, Kumar R and Choudhary V. (2015). CNS stimulant and antidepressant activity of seeds of Abelmoschus esculentus in rats. Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Research, 5(2), 47‐50.

Shrestha DK, Sapkota H, Baidya P and Basnet S. (2016). Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Allium sativum and Allium cepa. Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Research, 6(2), 50‐55.

Fabricant DS and Farnsworth NR. (2001). The value of plants used in traditional medicine for drug discovery. Environmental Health Perspectives, 109(1), 69–76.

Motaleb MA. (2011). Selected medicinal plants of Chittagong hill tracts. International union of conservation of nature and natural resources, 1–3.

Finch RG. (1998). Antibiotic resistance. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 42(2), 125-128.

Iwu MW, Duncan AR and Okunji CO. (1999). New antimicrobials of plant origin. In: Janick J. (Ed) Perspectives on New Crops and New Uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria, 457-462.

Kunin CM. (1993). Resistance to antimicrobial drugs a worldwide calamity. Annals of Internal Medicine, 12(1), 564-582.

Mohammad A, Moghaddam D and Shayegh J. (2011). Antimicrobial activity of essential oil extract of Ocimum basilicum L. leaves on a variety of pathogenic bacteria. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(1), 3453-3456.

Daneshian A, Gurbuz B, Cosge B and Ipek A. (2009). Chemical components of essential oils from basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) grown at different nitrogen levels. International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences, 3(3), 9‐13.

Naghibi F, Mosaddegh M, Mohammadi MM and Ghorbani A. (2005). Labiatae family in folk medicine in Iran: from ethnobotany to pharmacology. Iran Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 4(2), 63‐79.

Paton A, Harley MR and Harley MM. (1999). Ocimum: an overview of classification and relationships. Basil: the genus Ocimum. CRC press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1‐38.

Shafique M, Khan SJ and Khan NH. (2011). Study of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) essential oil. Pharmacology online, 1(1), 105-111.

Stalh E. (1973). Drug analysis by chromatography and microscopy. A Practical Supplement to Pharmacopoeias. (1st Ed.). Michigan, Ann Arbor, 219 – 224.

Trease EA and Evans WC. (1978). Pharmacognosy. (11th Ed.). London: Churchill Livingstone Harcourt Health Service, 60 – 75.

Sofowora A. (1982). Screening plants for bioactive agents. In medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa. Ibadan Spectrum Books Ltd, 289.

MacFaddin JF. (2000). Biochemical Tests for Identification of Medical Bacteria. 3rd Edition, ASM Press, Washington DC.

Fobres BD and Sham A. (2002). Weissfield. Diagnostic Microbiology. 11th Edition, Andrew Allen Press, Canada.

Leboffe MJ and Pierce BE. (2002). Microbiology Laboratory Theory and Application. 1st Edition, Morton Publishers, USA.

Sneath PHA, Mair NS, Sharpe ME and Holt JG. (1986). Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Vol. 2, Williams and Wilkins, Philadephia.

Miles AA and Misra SS. (1938). Estimation of bacterial power of blood. Journal of Hygiene, 38(1), 732-749.

Sajid N, Nizam B, Sajid B, Tamina N and Yasser MSSA. (2013). In vitro antimicrobial, antitumor, cytotoxic activities of the methanolic activities and its fractions of Acantolimon losgiscapum. International Journal of Phytopharmacology, 4(3), 179 – 183.

Kavanagh F. (1972). Analytical Microbiology. F. Kavanagh (ED), VOLII, Academic press, New York, 11.

Adham AN. (2015). Comparative extraction methods, phytochemical constituents, fluorescence analysis and HPLC validation of rosmarinic acid content in Mentha piperita, Mentha longifolia and Ocimum basilicum. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(1), 130-139.

Anudurga G, Vidhya T, Suji T, Dhatchayani R and Jayanthi A. (2016). Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer screening of Ocimum basilicum seeds. Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Research, 6(3), 114-119.

Maryam A and Saba I. (2016). Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activities of essential oil, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Ocimum basillicum L. Pakistan Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 49(2), 36-39.

Adiguzel A, Gulluce M, Sengul M, Ogutcu SF and Ka-raman I. (2005). Antimicrobial activity of various extracts of Ocimum basilicum L. and observation of the inhibition effect on bacterial cells by use of scanning electron microscopy. Turkish Journal of Biology, 29(1), 155-156.

Adamu HM, Abayeh OJ, Agho MO, Abdullahi AL, Uba A, Dukku HU and Wufem BM. (2005). An ethnobotanical survey of Bauchi State herbal plants and their antimicrobial activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 99(1), 1‐4.

Adam AZ and Omer AF. (2015). Antibacterial activity of Ocimum basillicum (Rehan) leaf extract against bacterial pathogens in Sudan. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, 3, 94-99.

Cooper J, Niggli U and Leifert C. (2006). Handbook of organic food safety and quality. Woodhead Publishing Limited, Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge, CB1 6AH, England.

Gatsing D, Nkeugoauapi CFN, Nkah, BFN, Kuiate JR and Tchouanguep FM. (2010). Chenopodium ambrosioides Linn. an indigenous medicinal plant. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 8(8), 231 – 234.