Evaluation of activities of some plant leaf extract on typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella isolate from selected hospitals in Bauchi, Nigeria

Authors

  • Esther Naphtali Department of Microbiology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.
  • Fatima Tahir Department of Microbiology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.
  • Ediga B Agbo Department of Microbiology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2020.11.2.058

Keywords:

Cymbopogan citratus, Psidium guajava, Anacadium occidentale, Synergism, (MIC), (MBC)

Abstract

This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of Cymbopogan citratus, Psidium guajava and Anacadium occidentale on clinical isolates of typhoidal and non typhoidal Salmonella. The typhoidal Salmonella isolates where S.  typhi and S. paratyphi  A, while non typhoidal was S. typhimurium. Well diffusion method was used. The plant extracts were tested individually and in combinations for synergistic activity. Both methanol and aqueous extracts had significant (p<0.05) in vitro activity. Anacadium occidentale was more active followed by Psidium guajava and the least active was Cymbopogan citratus with higher activity when plants extracts were combined for synergism. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of extracts on the salmonella isolates ranged from 50 mg/ml to 200 mg/ml and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration   ranged from 25 mg/ml to 200 mg/ml. From the findings, it proved that plants possess some potentials as antibiotics and can be further studied to isolate the compound that is most active and formulated as drug against the disease.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Abdullahi B, Abdulfatai K, Wartu JR, Mohammed HID and Abdulsalam AO. (2014). Antibiotics Susceptibility patterns and characterization of clinical Salmonella Serotypesin Katsina State African Journal of Microbiology, Research, 8(a), 915 – 921.

Ajayi OE, SI Awala, FN Okogbbue, AG Ogunleye and BF Olaleye. (2016). Antibacterial efficacy of Ageratum conyzoides on salmonella species isolated from suspected Typhoid fever patient in Akure metropolis, Nigeria. Journal of advances in medical and pharmaceutical sciences. 6(2).

Ameenah G and Anwari. It’s validating Ethnomedicine with a view to developing new Drugs (Unpublished). 2nd Edition. Spectrum Books Limited, Ibadan, Nigeria, 1-153.

Amrit pal singh. (2005). promising phytochemical from indian medicinal plants Ethnobotoanicals leaflets. Vol. 1, 18.

Awa Elizabeth Ihekerenma. (2011). photochemical screening and antimicrobial assay of some Nigerian medicinal plants Against Opportunistic pathogens in HIV/Aids patients. Unpublished M. microbiology thesis, 12-1.

Ayman A and Mazen S. (2014). Inutro Antibacterial Activity of Several plant extracts and oils against some Grame Negative Bacteria Iranian Journal of Medicine sciences, 39(i), 36-43.

Benson H J. (2002) Microbiology Application: Laboratory Manual in General Microbiology 8th Edition Mc Graw Hill New York fig 21-1 87. Bacterial population counts ICBN N 0-7 – 281889=9.

CDC-Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. (2008). Multistate outbreaks of Salmonella typhimurium infections linked to peanut butter 2008-2009 (final update).

Cheesbrough M. (2006). Salmonella species. In District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries. Low-priced ed. Cambridge, 182-186.

Chukwura EI and Iheukwumere IA. (2012). Determination of Synergistic effect and activity index of Solenostemon monstachyus and ocimum gratissimum on selected bacteria. Nigeria, Journal of microbiology, 26, 2492 – 2497.

Guyton and Hall. (2000). Text book of Medical Physiology 12th edition.

Jawetz Melnick and Adelberg Medical microbiology. (2013). 26th edition, 238-239.

Perilla M, Ajello G, Bopp C, Elliott J and Facklam R. (2003). Manual for the laboratory identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial pathogens of public health importance in the developing world. Hemophilus influenza Neisseria meningitidis Streptococcus pneumoniae Neisseria gonorrhoeae Salmonella serotype Typhi Shigella and Vibriocholerae.

Ogundare AO. (2011). Antibacterial properties of the leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina, Ocimum gratissium, Corchorous olitorius and Manihot palmate Nigerian of Journal of Microbiology, 25, 2269-2279.

Oyetayo VO. (2009). Free radical scavenging and antimicrobial properties of extracts of wild mushrooms Brazilian journal of microbiology, 40, 380-386.

Runyoro KB, Deborah M, Olipa D, Cosam CD and Zakaria HM. (2016). screeming of Tanzian Medicinal plants for anticandidial activity Bank Complementary and Alternative Medicine 6.

Sambo AA. (2005). Research Method in Education sirling Harden Publishers (Nig) Ltd, 46-77.

Slayer AA and whiff DO. (1994). Bacteria pathogens 1st edition AMS press Washington DC, 120 -204.

Sofowara A. (1999). Medical plants and traditional medicine in Africa 3rd edition spectrum books limited Ibadan, 172 – 108.

Thompson GR, Petal P, West book SD, Berg D, Erlanse J, Redding SW and Peterson TF. (2009). Pharyngeal candiasis in the era of antiretroviral therapy. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral apthology, oral radiology and endontology, 109 (4), 488 – 495.

Titilayo OY, Ogundare AO and Olaitan JO. (2011). Mechanism of action of the leaf and back extract of Veronica tenoreana Nigerian of Journal of Microbiology, 25, 2261-2268.

United States Department of Agriculture food safety and inspection service (USDFSIS) Salmonella question and answers USDA FSIS (1998)

WHO. (2010). Laboratory protocol susceptibility testing of enterobacteriacae using disk diffusion WHO Global food borne infection Network

Zafar A, Shaukati SK and Mohnaaz K. (2010). Synergistic effect of Salvadora persica extracts tetracycline and penicillin against staphyloccus aureus. A. J Basic and App. Sci., 2, 25-29.

Downloads

Published

2020-05-30

How to Cite

Naphtali , E., Tahir , F., & Agbo , E. B. (2020). Evaluation of activities of some plant leaf extract on typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella isolate from selected hospitals in Bauchi, Nigeria. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 11(2), 020–030. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2020.11.2.058

Issue

Section

Original Article