Phytochemical compositions and biochemical effect of Phyllanthus amarus in albino rat

Itopa Sherif Umar; Abubakar Awwal Yusuf; Adenike Rahmatallah Alawode; Cyril Ifeanyi Obiekezie; Banke Mary Okunlola; Ola Moshood Abdulrazaq; Stephen Damaola Ariyeloye; Bashir Lawal

doi:10.30574/gscbps.2019.8.1.0125

Authors

Itopa Sherif Umar Department of Science and Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Ile-Oluji, Nigeria.
Abubakar Awwal Yusuf Department of Biochemistry, Ibrahim Badamasi University Lapai, Nigeria.
Adenike Rahmatallah Alawode Forestry research institute of Nigeria-Southern Guinea Research Station, Mokwa, Niger State, Nigeria.
Cyril Ifeanyi Obiekezie
Banke Mary Okunlola Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology Minna, P.M.B. 65, Nigeria.
Ola Moshood Abdulrazaq Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Minna, P.M.B. 65, Nigeria.
Stephen Damaola Ariyeloye Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure-Ondo State, Nigeria.
Bashir Lawal Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Minna, P.M.B. 65, Nigeria.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2019.8.1.0125

Keywords:

Biochemical, Acute and sub-acute toxicity, P. amarus, Phytochemicals

Abstract

Phyllanthus amarus is a commonly known weed used for the traditional treatment of several aliment. In the present study, phytochemical screening and toxicological profile of methanol and aqueous extracts of P. amarus were investigated. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis were carried out using standard procedures. Sub-acute toxicity was carried out by oral administration of the aqueous extract at 300 and 600ml/kg for 14days. Biochemical parameters including aspartate amino tranferases (AST), alanine amino transfereas, (ALT), alkaline phosphates (ALP) albumin, total protein and albumin were investigated. The results obtained showed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, tannin, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides and steroids in both extracts. Quantitatively, alkaloids (0.56±0.01 and 0.56±0.00 mg/g) were the most abundant phytochemical while phenol (0.09±0.01 and 0.07±0.01 mg/g) was the least abundant in both extracts. The concentrations of total proteins were significantly (p<0.05) lowered in rats dosed with 600 mg/kg bw of the extract when compared with the control rats. However, serum activities of ALT, AST, ALP and albumins were not significantly (p>0.05) altered when compared with the control values. Methanol and aqueous extracts of P. amarus contains important phytochemicals with therapeutic reputations. The extract was also found not to have adverse/toxic effect on liver integrity at doses of up-to 600 mg/kg bw in rats.

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